Effects Of Positive Punishment On Children - 1562 Words

This paper will explore effects of positive punishment on children from research conducted through an online database. The articles however vary in certain aspects and perspective of punishment. Lansford, Wagner, Bates, Pettit, Dodge (2012) discuss the controversy as to whether or not infrequent spanking is related to the higher levels of externalizing behavior. Fletcher (2012) discusses whether or not the use of punishment is effective on children. Straus (1999) suggested about 15 years ago that it might be time to start outlawing spanking as a form of assault. Last, Berzenski Yates (2013) assess physical punishment, such as spanking, and how it effects children’s behavioral and self-adjustment. Keywords: positive punishment,†¦show more content†¦This paper will examine current parental and legal thoughts on corporal punishment such as spanking and it’s effects it has on children both short-term and long-term. First, it is important to define the term punishment. Baumrind, Larzelere, Cowan (2002) state that positive punishment involves the addition of an aversive stimulus that should be used in moderation. Therefore, an example of positive punishment would be considered spanking since it involves the use of an object or the hand to apply an aversive stimulus onto the buttocks of a child. The differentiation in regard to the law between spanking and abuse is the fact that spanking does no cause injury, while abuse does. Parents who want to discontinue or prevent an undesirable behavior may practice punishment as a disciplinary tactic. Fletcher (2012) states that parents and physicians who are against spanking claim that it teaches the children a bad lesson, which is that violence allows them to get what they want. Parents who regularly use punishment tactics such as parenting are not â€Å"bad parents†. Whether or not a parent decides to practice spanking their children is completely their decision. As of now, there are no legal issues in regard to parenting as there is with abuse. This is because abuse involves injury while spanking does not. However, research today is suggesting that there are negative

Declaration of Sentiments - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 940 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Women Rights Essay Did you like this example? The primary source- Abigail Adams, Letters to John Adams and His Reply (1776). It is the most famous letter addressed to her husband who took an active part in the creation of the Declaration of Independence. The period of 1775-1783 is famous for one of the biggest events in world history, the war in the United States for the independence of the people. The revolution began with tax discontent. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Declaration of Sentiments" essay for you Create order The driving force behind the revolution was the desire to secede England which viewed the American territories of Britain as a specialized part of a single system of conditional empire. Residents of American territories of Britain did not want to be a specialized part and subject to the common interests of the whole empire. They wanted to separate and use all their resources on their own. Thus, 13 American bourgeois colonies gained independence from monarchical England. This happened on July 4, 1776 when America adopted the Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson. The declaration stated that from now on 13 North American public colonies were being suspended from England and united into one state that is the United States (United States of America). The reason for its proclamation called the fact that the metropolis oppressed and infringed upon the rights of the colonies of the New World. The main idea of the Declaration of Independence was that from now on only the people were considered as the source of power. The United States became Republican, and people of different nationalities and religions supposed to become equal among themselves and had the same rights. The status of women in this period was dictated by the British law system which stipulated that an unmarried woman could own property, sign contracts, sue, and be liable before the court. How ever, when she got married, she became the whole with her husband and refuse both her surname and her property which was transferred under the control of her husband. The situation in other social and political spheres was also not in favor of women. The significance of this source is that we could find out when the long road of fight for womens rights begin. The first public defender of the rights of American women was the wife of the leader of American Revolution John Adams and who became a second president of the United Stated. In letters written to her husband Mrs. Abigail Adams argued that women deserve to have equal political, economic, and social rights with men. She put it like this: I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them than your ancestors. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebelion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.but such of you as wish to be happy willingly give up the harsh title of Master for the more tender and endearing one of Friend (Reader, p.8). This desire of Abigail was not taken seriously: I cannot but laugh and in the newly proclaimed American republic women for long decades remained in a subordinate position both legally and socially (Reader, p.8). The primary source â€Å" Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Declaration of Sentiments (1848). The woman at all times played the role of the keeper of the hearth. In almost all countries of the world marriages were exclusively religious in nature, and divorces were strictly forbidden or condemned by society. The duties of the spouse were to provide food for the family. The wife had to bring up children and completely submit to her spouse. The right of America said that the fair sex does not exist in legal terms if there is no husband or father behind it. Without the consent of the man, the couple did not have the opportunity to own property, enter into contracts or appear in court. But the time has come when women lost patience, and women of Western civilization began their struggle for equality in the 19th century. The womens movement was known as suffragism which literally means the right to vote. In addition to the right to vote, women wanted to attend and study in universities, and they wanted to have equal rights to any property. The suffragist movements manifesto was announced by American activists at the very first conference on womens rights where they approved a Declaration of Sentiments in 1848 in Seneca Falls. It laid out the principles of existence and the basic ideas of suffragism. This Declaration was proposed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. She wanted to somehow connect her work with the Declaration of Independence of America. Its significant that at the conference activists were able to clearly articulate the slogan of their own movement: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness (Reader, p.19). According to our primary source, they listed main eighteen repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her (Reader, p.19). To summarize, according to our secondary source: Women were denied access to professions, trades, and education; their rights in marriage and motherhood; their self-confidence; and their moral equality before Godright to vote (TWY, p. 240).The significance of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and her Declaration of Sentiments manifested in the fact that she launched a series of events that led to the fact that all women were entitled to vote.

Macroeconomics Final Free Essays

Course name: Macroeconomics FINAL 1. The two large macroeconomies I selected are China and the United States. 2a. We will write a custom essay sample on Macroeconomics Final or any similar topic only for you Order Now GDP and GDP growth rate Found on http://www. tradingeconomics. com/Economics/Interest-Rate. aspx? Symbol=CNY ChinaU. S. GDP per capita 2000-94934606 2001-102134518 2002-110634747 2003-120935318 2004-132336272 2005-145237050 2006-161237757 2007-181138138 2008-196338206 2009-NANA China U. S. GDP growth rate (avg) 2000- 7. 684. 15 2001- 7. 451. 08 2002- 8. 051. 83 2003- 9. 432. 48 2004- 9. 503. 58 2005- 10. 083. 08 2006- 10. 982. 65 2007- 12. 082. 13 2008- 9. 130. 43 2009- 7. 63-3. 55 2b. Exchange Rates used http://www. x-rates. com/cgi-bin/hlookup. cgi to find info US Dollar to Chinese Yuan 2000 -1 to 8. 2795 2001 -1 to 8. 2775 2002 -1 to 8. 2766 2003 -1 to 8. 28 2004 -1 to 8. 2767 2005 -1 to 8. 2765 2006 -1 to 8. 0702 2007 -1 to 7. 8051 2008 -1 to 7. 2946 2009 -1 to 6. 8295 2c. Inflation rates Found on http://www. tradingeconomics. com/Economics/Inflation-CPI. aspx? Symbol=USD CHINAUS JAN/DECJAN/DEC 2000- -0. 20/1. 502. 70/3. 40 2001- 1. 20/-0. 303. 70/1. 60 2002- -1. 00/-0. 401. 10/2. 40 2003- 0. 40/3. 202. 60/1. 90 2004- 3. 20/2. 402. 00/3. 30 2005- 1. 90/1. 603. 00/3. 40 2006- 1. 90/2. 04. 00/2. 50 2007- 2. 20/6. 502. 10/4. 10 2008- 7. 10/1. 204. 30/0. 10 2009- 1. 00/NA0. 00/NA 2d. Interest rate on short term government debt Found on http://www. treas. gov/offices/domestic-finance/debt-management/interest-rate/yield_historical_2000. shtml and http://www. tradingeconomics. com/Economics/Interest-Rate. aspx? Symbol=CNY China (JAN at 1 year on all)U. S. (JAN at 1 ye ar on all) 2000 – 5. 856. 09 2001 – 5. 855. 11 2002 – 5. 852. 28 2003 – 5. 311. 42 2004 – 5. 311. 31 2005 – 5. 582. 79 2006 – 5. 584. 38 2007 – 6. 125. 00 2008 – 7. 473. 17 2009 – 5. 310. 40 2e. Unemployment rate Found on http://www. radingeconomics. com/Economics/Unemployment-rate. aspx? Symbol=USD ChinaU. S. (MAR) on all 2000- NA4. 00 2001- NA4. 30 2002- 4. 30 (DEC)5. 70 2003- 4. 10 (MAR)5. 90 2004- 4. 30 (MAR)5. 80 2005- 4. 20 (MAR)5. 20 2006- 4. 20 (MAR)4. 70 2007- 4. 10 (MAR)4. 40 2008- 4. 00 (MAR)5. 10 2009- 4. 30 (MAR)8. 50 2f. Trade deficit Found on http://www. tradingeconomics. com/Economics/Current-Account. aspx? Symbol=USD ChinaU. S. 2000- 20519. 2-417. 4 2001- 22503. 9-398. 3 2002- 49051. 8-459. 2 2003-56995. 2-521. 5 2004- 76124. 5-631. 1 2005- 228081. 8-748. 7 2006-341448. 9-803. 6 2007-534691. 0-726. 6 2008-617825. -706. 1 2009-134459. 9-203. 2 3. Trends in each variable, What do they mean for econo mic conditions in each country? The trends shown in the GDP for China from 2000 to 2009 shows an increase from 949 to 1963, while the United States grows from 34,606 to 38,206. This shows that both countries are increasing which is good, and since the United States is already high, China will show more growth percentage also known as the catch-up effect. This is proven in the GDP growth rates calculated, where China holds a 7 to 12 percent increase, while he United States shows increases of 4 percent to decreases up to 3. 5 percent. Another fact proving China’s growth is their trade deficit. The trade deficit has remained positive and only gotten better over the years, while the United States has always had negative deficits. The exchange rate proves through the years that China is moving to an equilibrium with the United States dollar, but is still lower in the value of their yuan. Some of the credit for achieving this can be contributed to the fact that China maintains lowe r inflation rates than the United States. Other interesting facts is that China’s interest rates on short term debt remain stable while the United States was high in the early 2000s, low in the mid 2000s, and high in the late 2000s, until present at an all time low. China’s job unemployment rate also remains stable while the United States has recently risen quite a bit. 4. Analysis of strengths and weaknesses. My analysis of strengths shows that the United States overall per capita is wealthier than China. The United States currently has no inflation and interest rates are low. Another strength for the United States is that the value of a dollar is significantly higher than the value of a Chinese yuan. Strengths for China show that they are a trade powerhouse. China continues to grow and show improvements in their economy. They are currently undergoing the catch-up effect, and technologically they are advancing daily. Weaknesses show that the United States is struggling in 2009. Unemployment is on ongoing struggle with the economical lows we face. China is still per capita at a much lower GDP than the United States and still has quite a ways to go before their yuan is equal to a dollar. China also has much higher interest rates than the United States. 5. What conclusions can you draw from your analysis. My conclusion that I have drawn from this study is that for the United States, we are still doing well considering the economy today. Having a lower trade deficit than the average over the last ten years, keeping inflation out of the equation, and keeping a solid GDP is key when you are economically well off. My conclusion that I have drawn from this study for China is that they are a work in progress. China continues to grow in a positive direction on all the data I have collected. The per capita for China’s GDP has more than doubled in the past ten years, and the growth rate has been steadily increasing until recent years. The Chinese yuan continues to lower exchange rates. Though interest rates on short term government debt are higher than that of the United States, 2009 shows that it is at the lowest rate it has been in recent years. Unemployment for China has not risen, even with the economy suffering. Lastly for China, trade is continually growing, having risen over six times that of ten years ago! Overall China and the United States together have a lot of positive data to analyze. The United States main concerns over China are to keep unemployment low and trade deficits low as well. Also the United States needs to lower interest rates on short term government debt in order to grow. China’s main concerns should be to lower interest rates and inflation rates, while continuing to grow in GDP and lower exchange rates. Both countries are vital to the overall world economy. China is a leading exporter to the world. The United States is a leading importer to the world. Without trade and the rest of the world, China would have no one to buy their goods and the United States would have no one to buy from so cheaply. How to cite Macroeconomics Final, Papers Macroeconomics Final Free Essays

Success for all Students in Inclusion Classes free essay sample

On average a mainstream school can have up to 30 students in any given class. This can make it difficult for teachers to provide the additional support that students with preferred learning styles may need. Within my environment providing this support is much easier as the classes are considerably smaller. Staff from all departments make it their business to know every child in the school by name and are mostly able to build professional and positive relationships with each of the students. Rewarding success and showing students that you care (within the constraints of your setting), conversing with them and demonstrating a genuine interest in who your students are as people, not only builds rapport but embeds a feeling of safety, respect, trust and reinforces positive expectations around the students learning and behaviour.Teaching a class that contains students with mixed abilities and styles means that I have to use teaching methods and techniques that will allow me to set achieva ble outcomes for the students and in turn allowing them to gain a successful and enjoyable experience in class. We will write a custom essay sample on Success for all Students in Inclusion Classes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This might mean that;†¢ Some students will need me to provide them with examples on a topic that they can identify with. For example, teaching students about Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, but modernizing it and applying the story to two teenagers that live in postcodes that don’t get on.†¢ Some students may need me to allow them additional time to analyze the learning before they can feedback and demonstrate their understanding.†¢ I may need to provide some of the students with a variation of the resources that are being used during a lesson.†¢ Some students may need me to model an answer before they understand what it is that I am asking them to do.†¢ Some students may need to see a demonstration of what they are supposed to be doing (woodwork, cooking etc.) in order to understand and complete the task. It is important that the students know that I am there to provide support wherever it is needed. Additionally, it is also important that I observe my students and be aware of a change of learning styles, students that are finding it difficult to grasp concepts and may need additional support and provide a platform for all students to have a voice in class.Every student should be given fair and equal opportunities to learn, be assessed and provide feedback. For example, due to the additional educational needs of some of the students at Westside, I provide ongoing assessments to ensure that they have an understanding of the subject that I am teaching. I may require a written assessment for students that are of a higher ability and provide a questioning assessment for those that do not respond well to writing for long periods of time. Questioning assessments allow the student to verbalize their responses.In order to use this types of assessment, a teacher must ensure that the work provi ded is differentiated to meet the needs of the students learning ability and style. At Westside the students are assessed by the SEN Officer, using VAK (Visual, Auditory and Kinaesthetic). Using this system the students learning style can be included in the student’s individual learning plan.

Wrangler Jeans Advertisement Analysis free essay sample

From construction workers to high fashion models, jeans are or have been worn by practically every person that you may come across today in life. To match these people’s needs there is a plethora of ways in which jeans are styled and shaped. This variety is good for a person who has an assortment of styles and looks, but is not really good for your â€Å"average Joe† who is just looking for a pair that is comfortable, durable and suits them in a way that complements them. So with this notion where will this â€Å"average joe† find his pair of jeans? Well in todays day and age the the internet would be the first place to go, but why not just settle for a good ol’ magazine advertisement? Specifically speaking a Wrangler advertisement, which boldly states, â€Å"Nothing Beats Wrangler Comfort†, their two celebrity endorsements, along with the comparison of â€Å"other jeans† with their jeans. We will write a custom essay sample on Wrangler Jeans Advertisement Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I believe that Wrangler successfully advertised their jeans in such a way that is easy to decipher, gets straight to the point, being plain and simple simple, while still attracting attention to itself. Taking a first look at this advertisement there not that much going on with its simplistic look, but your attention is immediately directed to the bottom portion of the advertisement which is plastered in red, a commonly used color that advertisers use to catch one’s attention. In this section the first thing that you will most likely notice would be the large, bold, white statement, â€Å"Nothing Beats Wrangler Comfort†. The purpose of this statement is making a completely straightforward and bold claim that Wrangler’s jeans are the best of the best, while conveying the idea that their jeans are the most comfortable because of the way they made â€Å"comfort† the largest word in the slogan. Below the slogan there is a comparison between two kinds of jeans, one named â€Å"Other Jeans† and the next named â€Å"Wrangler†, compared in a table like structure with â€Å"vs† in between them. â€Å"Other Jeans† represent jeans made my companies besides Wrangler, here they are described asâ€Å"V-Pattern Pinches†. The reason for this is the v-shaped cut of the jeans tend to pinch and cause discomfort. While on the other hand â€Å"Wrangler† is described as â€Å"U-Shape Provides More Room†. This statement not only makes Wrangler’s competitor’s jeans look bad, but it reverts back to the slogan emphasising on comfort. This portion of the advertisement is lightly using the the technique of name calling to make the customer feel more negatively about other jeans, causing them to side with Wrangler jeans. Even though the bottom portion seem to be the place where most of your attention is directed do not neglect the to take notice of the top part. Here it shows what looks like to be two happy looking, average men, positioned next to each other, wearing plain clothing, in front of a red and white pickup truck, in pasture like area. Next to the men there are signatures implying that they are famous. Personally I did not recognize them at all, but football enthusiasts would know the one on the left is none other than Brett Favre, an American football player for formidably know for playing for the Green Bay Packers. Next to him NASCAR’s own, Dale Earnhardt Jr. Both spokesmen are from pretty from pretty demanding careers, one football and the other race car driving, so the last thing they need is an uncomfortable pair of jeans, once again going back to the main idea of comfort. Also they are using the testimonial appeal to endorse their product buy making the celebrities wear their clothing with convincing happy smiles to sell their product and appealing to a certain demographic, while using the plain folk appeal by dressing them humbly too look like your â€Å"average Joe†. As a girl this advertisement did interest me at all because it was lacking feminine qualities that I usually look for in an advertisement. Truthfully the chosen celebrities could not be identified by me without looking them up on the internet. So who was this advertisement made for? With white pigment of their skin, the country like background, and the pickup truck I can assume that this advertisement was created for an American, Caucasian, middle aged, male demographic, from the working class, who is most likely from the southern region of the United States that finds entertainment in watching things such as football and even NASCAR. Small deals can make or break an advertisement. Here in this advertisement it gives you the place where the jeans are available, Walmart. Now the customer does not have to venture far to find an outlet or boutique in a mall because it tells you an easy reliable place to go to. Also it shows you a website where you can find out more information about their u-shaped jeans at wrangler. com/ushape, next to it there is a Facebook sign that indicates there is a profile on there that you can find information on too. On the bottom half the slogan is not only large and bold but it has a rough texture too, making it seem more edgy or even manly. The difference between â€Å"Other Jeans† and â€Å"Wrangler† is made more obvious by bold white lines that show different shapes of the jeans, a V-shaped line for â€Å"Other Jeans† and a U-shaped line for â€Å"Wrangler†. Lastly in the background the pasture like area along with the pickup truck gives of a country feel to the advertisement, which can cross into patriotism, being that this an American company and that this kind of setting is associated with America. Even with the obvious stereotypes, cliche setting and arrangement Wrangler successfully executed their advertisement in such ways that the customer can feel relatable to these celebrities with their humble look and feel a sense of comfort with the relaxed setting. The colors used , red and white, brought attention to key points in the advertisement. Both celebrities that were chosen appeal to a specific, but large demographic which can also even be trendy in other ones. The language of the slogan, the comparison of the types of jeans and even the picture of the celebrities Dale and Brett ll tie into the advertisements main idea of comfort. When all the factors come into play it creates an ideal advertisement that your average American,male consumer is looking for .

Improving Service Quality

Improving Service Quality Introduction The quality of services that employees offer in a restaurant is as important as the meals served. According to Shaikh and Khan (2011, p. 343), the restaurant industry is continuously evolving and growing more complicated. They argued that a restaurant must include ‘service associated features to satisfy the complementary needs of its customers’ (343).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Improving Service Quality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They further noted that satisfaction of customers is taking a new trend of being associated with quality of service. Customers are increasingly becoming conscious of their surrounding when in restaurants. According to Markovic, Raspor and Segaric (2010, p. 181), restaurants have continuously been pushed to offer excellent dining experiences to their customers. These experiences constitute the tangibles as well as the intangibles. The intangibles are of a particular concern as their improvement requires considerable attention unlike the tangibles. It has been noted that the intangibles have a great effect on the financial viability of a restaurant on a long term basis. Due to the stiff competition in the restaurant industry, offering of quality services therefore is not an option but a way of being competitive. In regard to the above briefing, this report examines the tools that can be used in improving the level of service quality of a nation-wide restaurant chain. Two instruments are discussed and it is shown how they will be instrumental in improving the quality of service of the nation-wide restaurant chain. Improving Quality of Service In order to improve the quality of services given, it is prudent that the reference points of various stakeholders involved are known. In the context of this report, the main stakeholders in reference to quality of service offered are the staff and the customers. It will be mandatory to be aware o f what the customers expect and then make the correct adjustment to fulfil their expectations otherwise improvements cannot be effectively made if the deficit areas are not known. The instrument which best does this is the DINESERV instrument.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It has been noted that when customers are satisfied as per their expectations, they become frequent customers. Such satisfied customers also refer other customers, mostly friends and family members, to the business (Wu Liang 2009, p. 587). By using the DINESERV tool, it will be possible to know how huge the gap is and consequently remedial measures will be taken. DINESERV Instrument This instrument was developed specifically for restaurant industry by Stevens, Knutson and Patton in 1995. It is basically a SERVQUAL instrument but modified such that it specifically addresses the restaurant indus try (Kim, Nee Kim 2009, p. 10). DINESERVE is a tool that measures the quality of service from the perspective of a customer (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010 p. 183). Understanding how a customer defines quality service is very important because it is his/her perceptions that will make him/her come back to the restaurant again. By using this instrument, it will be possible to get the position of the customers in regard to the service quality offered by the restaurant. Taking into consideration that the restaurant in question is not an international business which might be servicing people of diverse cultures, a sample of the restaurants should, to a good degree, shed some green light on the nation-wide customer expectations. Why this instrument is chosen is because it helps to show where a restaurant is and where it should be in terms of quality of services offered, that is, ‘it measures consumers’ expectations and perceptions of services received† (Markovic, Raspo r Segaric 2010, p. 183). This instrument touches on five dimensions that consumers use when evaluating the quality of a service given. These five dimensions are ‘tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy’ (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 183). In the following sections, it will be shown how these dimensions can be used to improve the quality of service in the chain restaurant in question. Tangibles In a restaurant, the physical facilities which include the furniture and the appearance of personnel constitute the tangibles. It also encompasses the physical design and general cleanliness (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 184).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Improving Service Quality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A good physical design and a good internal arrangement enhance the dining experience that a customer experiences therefore helping greatly in the satisfaction of the customer. Things like lighting and music have also been associated with the internal structure and are said to greatly affect the satisfaction of consumers. The consumer factors have also been said to have an influence on the satisfaction of consumers. Consumer-consumer interaction may be viewed favourably when it facilitates social interaction. However, some consumer behaviours such as smoking or talking loudly may be viewed to be offensive (Wu Liang 2009, p. 587). Reliability Reliability in the context of service industry is defined as ‘the ability to perform the promised services independently and accurately’ (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 184) and, specifically, in the restaurant industry it is the ‘freshness and temperature of the food, accurate billing and receiving ordered food’ (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 184). The temperature of the food and how fresh it is have been found to influence customer satisfaction. According to Andaleeb and Conway (2006 p. 5), these two affect the quality and taste of food served and therefore greatly determines whether a customer enjoys the meal or not. Price also matters in this context, it has been observed that when the price is not reflective of the quality of food, customers feel they are being taken for granted. For instance, a very high price is an indicator of a high quality therefore if low quality is offered then customers will have the impression that they are being ripped off (Andaleeb Conway 2006). This is likely to annoy customers and might be viewed as one of the fastest way of sending away customers. Responsiveness Responsiveness is viewed as the willingness and readiness of the staff to help the customers promptly. In the context of the restaurant industry, it is associated with ‘staff assistance with the menu or wine list or appropriate and prompt response to customers’ needs and requests’ (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 184).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed studies carried out have shown that more responsive services enhance the satisfaction of customers (Andaleeb Conway 2006). It has been shown that customers are happy with servers who understand their needs and address them accordingly. In the context of this report, responsiveness can be achieved by training the customer-contact employees particularly the servers and waiters on how to handle customers with courtesy. These employees are more in contact with the customers therefore they tend to be the image of the restaurant in the eyes of the customers. It would therefore be wise to invest in these front people such that they present a cutting edge image of the restaurant to the customers. Assurance This has to do with the knowledge and courtesy of the staff members. It also has to do with their ability to convey trust and confidence (Markovic, Raspor Segaric, 2010, p. 184). When applied in the context of restaurant industry, assurance implies that customers ‘trust the recommendations of staff, feel confident that food is free from contamination and be able to say any concern without fear’ (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 184). Empathy This is viewed as the ability to offer services which are customized and which make the customers feel cared for or special (Alroub, Alsaleem Daoud 2012). Action Plan Five dimensions of quality service have been discussed above. It is very important that these areas are well addressed in order to create and sustain a good restaurant image before the eyes of the customers. In regard to this report, the director should plan for the training of the restaurant staff in order to ensure they adequately meet the expectations of the customers in regard to the above five dimensions of customer services. According to Irfan, Mohsin and Yousaf (2009 p. 1222), training in service quality becomes successful when there is a commitment of all employees, senior and junior, to the objectives of the training exercise. In r egard to the nation-wide restaurant chain, which is the subject of this report, this commitment will be achieved by carrying out an internal marketing campaign which will address the grievances of the employees. It will also be ensured that the employees understand the need and significance of offering quality services to the customers. The training exercise will be carried out after the DINESERV instrument has been administered in order to get a picture of how the customers view the nation-wide restaurant chain. The action of training the employees will basically be viewed as a way of investing in the employees for the good of the restaurant. The following subsections give more details on how it will be carried out. Customer-contact Employees The customer contact employees are very important, as already noted above, in creating a good image of the restaurant in the eyes of the customers. Those involved in this category are the waiters, servers, and those who welcome the customer in to the restaurant. Depending on the findings of DINESERV, which would have been obtained by the time the training exercise will kick off, these employees will basically be trained on how to interact with the customers. Basically, the training will be customized to ensure that the deficits which would have been exposed by the DINESERV instrument are addressed. In addition to that it will be ensured that the employees are sharpened into becoming reliable. Andaleeb and Conway (2006) stated that ensuring that customers get the correct food they order is being reliable. Waiters and servers therefore will be reminded that they cannot make such mistakes as taking the wrong food, or serving food when it is of the wrong temperature or size. Customer-contact employees will also be reminded and trained to be responsive to the customers through such simple gestures as maintaining eye contact when a customer is talking. The waiters will be required to maintain a good knowledge of all the food th ey serve such that they readily offer extra information to the customers in case a customer asks for the same. In this manner, the customers will feel assured of the restaurant services when they readily get answered well by the waiters. The waiters will also be in charge of ensuring that customer-customer interaction is a positive one. Customers who behave in manners that may annoy other customers will have to be kindly requested to mind the welfare of others. There will be a need to ensure that when waiters request customers who might be behaving in rowdy manners to calm themselves, they will have to do that in very polite ways. Chefs Chefs play a very huge role in enhancing a dining experience for customers. It has already been pointed above that freshness and temperature of the food are big factors in satisfying customers’ expectations. The taste of the food and its quality also matters a lot especially when such food is highly priced. The training of the chefs will there fore go a long way in ensuring that the price and quality of food are reconciled such that the customers do not feel ripped off. The chefs are also significant in ensuring that what is promised on the menu is what gets served. In this manner, the nation-wide restaurant chain will earn itself a good image for delivering on its promises. Internal designer There is a need to introduce an internal designer in the human resource department. Physical outlook, both the external and internal, enhances the experience that a customer has in a restaurant. The internal designing forms part of the tangible dimension of service quality as per the DINESERV instrument. An internal designer will be in charge of redesigning the internal arrangement of the chain restaurant to make it more appealing. This internal physical restructuring may include changing the lighting systems and sitting arrangement including the type of furniture in use. Restaurant Managers The restaurant managers will be very cruci al in ensuring that quality is maintained. A restaurant manager will be allowed to make changes in the operations of a branch restaurant as long as such a move can be substantiated to increase the quality of service that is provided by the branch. The manager should also be charged with determining the priority of the quality dimensions as illustrated by DINESERV tool. According to Shaikh and Khan (2011 p. 354), different people may have different perception on which quality dimension is most important. The restaurant in question with regard to this report is a nation-wide chain therefore implying the possibility of different customers in different parts of the nation having different perceptions. Internal Marketing Apart from undertaking training based on the findings of DINESERV, another tool that may also be very fruitful in enhancing the quality of service offered by the chain restaurant is Internal Marketing. Internal marketing focuses on the internal customers with the aim of benefiting the external customers. It has been shown that internal marketing helps employees of an organization to be more committed (Esfahan, Taleghani Rajaee 2006). Internal marketing takes two aspects: customer-focused and employee-focused. Customer-focused aspect views ‘all employees of the organization as de facto marketers’ (Kale 2006, p. 3). In this regard, whenever there is an interaction between the service employees and customers, business is created, sustained or broken depending on how the customers perceive the interaction (Kale 2006, p. 3). On the other hand, the employee-focused aspect aims at promoting a company to the employees. In general, internal marketing aims at ensuring that employees are satisfied working in an organization. With satisfaction, employees are more likely to be market oriented in offering their services. The effect of this orientation is creation of a positive organizational image (Chen Hsieh 2009). Internal marketing also reduces the rate of turnover. High rates of turnover can be very costly to a restaurant as it implies that new employees have to undergo training to ensure that the quality of service provided is not compromised. By engaging in aggressive internal marketing, employee turnover can be greatly reduced (Chang Chang 2008). Conclusion The service industry is continuously growing competitive. This is especially true for the hotel industry. Customer tastes and preferences keep on changing everyday and this has made this industry quite complicated. Unlike in the past, customers in the present time are looking for comprehensive services of high quality. In the restaurant industry, it has been observed that customer satisfaction is obtained when a great dining experience is created. This experience takes more than just the taste of a great meal. It includes the physical surrounding and the nature of people around both the employees and fellow customers. This report suggested that DINESERV instrument should be used to find the position of the restaurant in question and then use the gap indentified to make some improvements on the dimensions of quality services. Internal marketing was also proposed as an ideal way of ensuring the employees are motivated and committed to the restaurant. This was shown to greatly reduce the costs of training and as well ensure that the quality of service offered is not comprised. References Alroub, AS, Alsaleem, AM Daoud, AA 2012, ‘Service Quality and its Impact on Customer Satisfaction Tourist Restaurants’, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 364-379. Andaleeb, SS Conway, C 2006, ‘Customer Satisfaction in the restaurant industry: an examination of the transaction-specific model’, The Journal of Services Marketing, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 3-11. Chang, C Chang W ‘Internal Marketing Practices and Employees’ Turnover Intentions in Tourism and Leisure Hotels’, The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 161-172. Chen, Y Hsieh, T 2009, ‘Study on Relationship among International Customer Orientation, Market Orientation and Organization Performance of Theme Restaurant’, The Journal of International management Studies, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 165-175. Esfahan, MR, Taleghani, M Rajaee, MB 2013, ‘The Effect of Internal Marketing on Outcomes and Factors Organizational Commitment (Case Study: Hotels in Esfahan)’, Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 429-435. Irfan, SM, Mohsin, M Yousaf, I 2009, ‘Achieving Service through its Valuable Human Resources: An Empirical Study of Banking Sector of Pakistan’, World Applied Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 1222-1230. Kale, SH 2006, ‘Internal Marketing: An Antidote for Macau’s labor Shortage’, UNLV Gaming Research Review Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-12. Kim, WG, Nee, YC Kim, Y 2009, â⠂¬ËœInfluence of institutional DINESERV on customer satisfaction, return intention, and word-of mouth’, International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 10-17. Markovic, S, Raspor, S Segaric, K 2010, ‘Does Restaurant Performance meet Customers’ Expectations? AN Assessment of Restaurant Service Quality using a Modified DINESERV Approach’, Tourism and Hospitality Management, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 181-195. Shaikh, AA Khan, NR 2011, ‘Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from the Restaurant Industry in Pakistan’, Management Marketing, vol. IX, no. 2, pp. 343-355. Wu, CH Liang, R 2009, ‘Effect of experiential value on customer satisfaction with service encounters in luxury-hotel restaurants’, International Journal of Hospitality management, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 586-593.

The Irish Famine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Irish Famine - Essay Example The famine, which is also referred to as The Great Hunger, and The Bad Life, and its impact was terrible in terms of demographic decline, triggering off the mass emigration. From a prominent exporter of food, Ireland was reduced to the most unenviable position with its people, leaving the homeland, dying under deplorable conditions on the way to England, Scotland or America or any country that they could find a way to. Ograda writes the book with the intention of providing 'fresh perspectives by an explicitly interdisciplinary and comparative approach comparing the Irish famine with the Third World Famines'. He says one of the main differences between the two is while Irish famine killed people in a large scale and other famines did not, at least not to that extent, though all famines produce individual tragedies. Unlike today's famines that usually happen in the impoverished areas, Irish famine was in the prosperous hub, which Prince Albert called 'the workshop of the world'. (p.5). The pleas for help were treated with the philosophical context, when the Economist answered the requests with a curt "It is no man's business to provide for another.' (p. 6). It was also treated as a natural retribution that the Irish should suffer as a penance. "Many people in high places in both London and Dublin in the 1840s believed that the famine was nature's response to Irish demographic irresponsibility, and t oo much public kindness would obscure that message" (p.6). Potato had been cultivated more as a garden crop in Ireland and an average yield of approximately 6 tons per acre was recorded just before the famine. It was believed that Ireland was highly suitable for potato cultivation due to its acidic soil, damp, temperate climate. When the famine happened, the country was unprepared to a calamity of that scale, and landlords most of them living in England, belonging to the noble cause, could not, or did not do enough to help their farmers. Even though this is the popular conception, Ograda argues that most landlords themselves were insolvent and they were not in a position to help their tenants. During the famine, a large number of landlords lost their ownership of the land. There were other problems like over-cultivation of a rage of potato varieties, adverse consequences of industrial revolution, confiscation of the land in the earlier centuries that left the ownership in the hands of British landlords etc. When famine started and the early deaths were reported, the official reaction was to call for the verification of deaths. An enormous crisis was simmering and by late 1840s 'famine symptoms of wandering beggars, roadside deaths, rising crime rates, poorly attended burials, widespread panic about contagion, and mass evictions were commonplace throughout most of the country'. The situation raged for another five years, unabated and Ograda says that the long-lasting nature of the famine led to compassion fatigue and charitable donations dropped steadily while land clearance and emigration reached a massive scale. Prevention strategies included initially identifying the most vulnerable poor and help them through the relief committees established by the Poor Relief (Ireland) Act of 1838. Admission into the workhouses rose ominously; but the representatives of Board of Guardians refused more money for relief measures. Relief Commissioners and