Juran’s Triology

Juran's Trilogy Prepared By : Kareem Ahmed Daabees Under management of : Dr. Mahmmoud Mohammad EL-Damaty Managing for quality comprises of three essential quality-arranged procedures: quality arranging, quality control, and quality improvement. The job of value arranging is to plan a procedure that will have the option to meet built up objectives under working conditions. The job of value control is to work and when fundamental right the procedure so it performs with ideal effectiveness.The job of value improvement is to devise approaches to take the procedure to extraordinary degrees of execution. 1. Quality Planning Quality arranging originates from a solidarity of direction that traverses all elements of an association. The subject of arranging can be anything †a building procedure for planning new items, a creation procedure for making merchandise, or an assistance procedure for reacting to client demands. Quality Planning includes: * Identifying clients, both inside and out er * Determining their necessities Specifying the item includes that fulfill those requirements at least expense. * Designing the procedures that can dependably deliver those highlights. * Proving that the procedure can accomplish its objectives under working conditions. 2. Quality Control The way toward overseeing activities to meet quality objectives. The procedure of Quality Control includes: * Choosing control subjects * Choosing units of estimation * Establishing an estimation methodology * Measuring * Interpreting contrasts among estimation and objective. * Taking activity to address critical contrasts 3.Quality Improvement Assuming the procedure is leveled out, any waste that happens must be intrinsic in the plan of the procedure. The object of value improvement is to lessen constant waste to a much lower level. The means in Quality Improvement: * Prove the requirement for development * Identify explicit tasks for development * Organize to manage the activities * Organize for analysis †revelation of causes * Diagnose the causes * Provide cures * Prove that the cures are successful under working conditions * Provide for control to keep up the increases.

Worksheet 1 (architecture) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Worksheet 1 (engineering) - Essay Example From Old Main in the Gothic Revival style to the new Performance Hall a scope of compositional plan can be found. The Family Life Building worked in the 1935 was Art Deco. Each building was worked in a particular style. The outside may be revamped, yet huge numbers of the structures are renovated within alone. Subsequently the structures remain consistent with verifiable external veneers, yet are refreshed to be present day within. The Manon Caine Russell Kathryn Caine Wanlass Performance Hall is a genuinely new expansion to the USU. It is the USU Performance Hall. The glass, steel, and cement geometrical structure a dynamite acoustical corridor for exhibitions. The 400 seat lobby is ideal for sound quality. The suspension of every single mechanical framework either with cushions or springs diminishes any vibrations or additional sounds. The Performance Hall was made exclusively for the most ideal acoustical impacts. Old Main is my preferred structure for a few reasons. To start with, the structure had a fire in the 80’s. Rather than tearing the structure down, the structure was reestablished. I accept that increasingly old structures should be kept up and reestablished as opposed to being torn down. Old Main has been rebuilt on the inside throughout the years. Most things should be kept up. Structures are no special case. One case of a redesign is the ringers. In the pinnacle chimes have been situated since 1904. Today electronic ringers can be heard like clockwork during the day. The redesigns have made Old Main into an advanced structure within, while staying a Gothic Revival tribute outwardly. The most seasoned structure on the Utah State University grounds is Old Main. This Gothic Revival building goes back to 1889. The structure has been remodeled and included to a few times. The structure, regardless of being over a hundred years of age, despite everything capacities. Old Main right now houses USU organization and primary workplaces for USA divisions. The first strategic the college was to advance land-award or farming. The USU was initially the

Time Line for Fall 2010 Admission COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Time Line for Fall 2010 Admission COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The Admissions Committee continues to read/review at a fast and furious pace and no, decisions have not started to be posted to the system yet.   As a reminder, you will receive an email from us when your decision is ready to be viewed on the application Web site.   We cannot provide estimates on when individual decisions will be published and not all decisions are published at the same time. I did want to provide a quick overview of the time line that will follow the release of admission decisions.   Applicants admitted to SIPA should be aware of the following information. Starting on March 22 the Admissions Office will host an internet message board that will allow admitted applicants to interact with one another and with current students.     SIPA students will be taking a spring break from March 15th to 19th and we will have the board up after their return.   Details will be sent to admitted students once the board is activated. Second, SIPA will host an Admitted Student Day on Tuesday, April 13th.   Admitted Student Day will take place on the Columbia Campus and it will be a full day event.   Professor Jeff Sachs will be giving a special talk during the lunch portion of Admitted Student Day. Third, May 3rd is the date by which admitted students must pay a deposit confirming enrollment for fall 2010.   In earlier communications I had noted the date would be May 1st, but since May 1st falls on a Saturday we moved the response date to the next business day, Monday. Fourth, a series of communications will be sent to admitted applicants and these messages will come from the sipa_admission@columbia.edu address.   Please ensure that your email client is set to receive messages from this account.   Faculty, current students, administrators, and alumni will all be included in the communication chain. Fifth, if you are admitted you will need to ensure that official academic transcripts and official test reports are in our office no later than June 15th.   We will work with admitted applicants to determine if official copies of these documents were already provided to us during the application process. Last, unfortunately applicants placed on the waitlist are unable to participate in admission related activities until an admission offer is made.   More details regarding the waitlist will be published on this blog in the future.   We will begin to work the waitlist in April and this process will often continue into the summer. For admitted applicants, specific details on all of the above information, and many other topics, will be available on a Welcome Page that is referenced in the admission letter. Thank you for your attention . . . now back to Committee meetings . . .

Effects Of Positive Punishment On Children - 1562 Words

This paper will explore effects of positive punishment on children from research conducted through an online database. The articles however vary in certain aspects and perspective of punishment. Lansford, Wagner, Bates, Pettit, Dodge (2012) discuss the controversy as to whether or not infrequent spanking is related to the higher levels of externalizing behavior. Fletcher (2012) discusses whether or not the use of punishment is effective on children. Straus (1999) suggested about 15 years ago that it might be time to start outlawing spanking as a form of assault. Last, Berzenski Yates (2013) assess physical punishment, such as spanking, and how it effects children’s behavioral and self-adjustment. Keywords: positive punishment,†¦show more content†¦This paper will examine current parental and legal thoughts on corporal punishment such as spanking and it’s effects it has on children both short-term and long-term. First, it is important to define the term punishment. Baumrind, Larzelere, Cowan (2002) state that positive punishment involves the addition of an aversive stimulus that should be used in moderation. Therefore, an example of positive punishment would be considered spanking since it involves the use of an object or the hand to apply an aversive stimulus onto the buttocks of a child. The differentiation in regard to the law between spanking and abuse is the fact that spanking does no cause injury, while abuse does. Parents who want to discontinue or prevent an undesirable behavior may practice punishment as a disciplinary tactic. Fletcher (2012) states that parents and physicians who are against spanking claim that it teaches the children a bad lesson, which is that violence allows them to get what they want. Parents who regularly use punishment tactics such as parenting are not â€Å"bad parents†. Whether or not a parent decides to practice spanking their children is completely their decision. As of now, there are no legal issues in regard to parenting as there is with abuse. This is because abuse involves injury while spanking does not. However, research today is suggesting that there are negative

Declaration of Sentiments - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 940 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Women Rights Essay Did you like this example? The primary source- Abigail Adams, Letters to John Adams and His Reply (1776). It is the most famous letter addressed to her husband who took an active part in the creation of the Declaration of Independence. The period of 1775-1783 is famous for one of the biggest events in world history, the war in the United States for the independence of the people. The revolution began with tax discontent. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Declaration of Sentiments" essay for you Create order The driving force behind the revolution was the desire to secede England which viewed the American territories of Britain as a specialized part of a single system of conditional empire. Residents of American territories of Britain did not want to be a specialized part and subject to the common interests of the whole empire. They wanted to separate and use all their resources on their own. Thus, 13 American bourgeois colonies gained independence from monarchical England. This happened on July 4, 1776 when America adopted the Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson. The declaration stated that from now on 13 North American public colonies were being suspended from England and united into one state that is the United States (United States of America). The reason for its proclamation called the fact that the metropolis oppressed and infringed upon the rights of the colonies of the New World. The main idea of the Declaration of Independence was that from now on only the people were considered as the source of power. The United States became Republican, and people of different nationalities and religions supposed to become equal among themselves and had the same rights. The status of women in this period was dictated by the British law system which stipulated that an unmarried woman could own property, sign contracts, sue, and be liable before the court. How ever, when she got married, she became the whole with her husband and refuse both her surname and her property which was transferred under the control of her husband. The situation in other social and political spheres was also not in favor of women. The significance of this source is that we could find out when the long road of fight for womens rights begin. The first public defender of the rights of American women was the wife of the leader of American Revolution John Adams and who became a second president of the United Stated. In letters written to her husband Mrs. Abigail Adams argued that women deserve to have equal political, economic, and social rights with men. She put it like this: I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them than your ancestors. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebelion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.but such of you as wish to be happy willingly give up the harsh title of Master for the more tender and endearing one of Friend (Reader, p.8). This desire of Abigail was not taken seriously: I cannot but laugh and in the newly proclaimed American republic women for long decades remained in a subordinate position both legally and socially (Reader, p.8). The primary source â€Å" Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Declaration of Sentiments (1848). The woman at all times played the role of the keeper of the hearth. In almost all countries of the world marriages were exclusively religious in nature, and divorces were strictly forbidden or condemned by society. The duties of the spouse were to provide food for the family. The wife had to bring up children and completely submit to her spouse. The right of America said that the fair sex does not exist in legal terms if there is no husband or father behind it. Without the consent of the man, the couple did not have the opportunity to own property, enter into contracts or appear in court. But the time has come when women lost patience, and women of Western civilization began their struggle for equality in the 19th century. The womens movement was known as suffragism which literally means the right to vote. In addition to the right to vote, women wanted to attend and study in universities, and they wanted to have equal rights to any property. The suffragist movements manifesto was announced by American activists at the very first conference on womens rights where they approved a Declaration of Sentiments in 1848 in Seneca Falls. It laid out the principles of existence and the basic ideas of suffragism. This Declaration was proposed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. She wanted to somehow connect her work with the Declaration of Independence of America. Its significant that at the conference activists were able to clearly articulate the slogan of their own movement: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness (Reader, p.19). According to our primary source, they listed main eighteen repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her (Reader, p.19). To summarize, according to our secondary source: Women were denied access to professions, trades, and education; their rights in marriage and motherhood; their self-confidence; and their moral equality before Godright to vote (TWY, p. 240).The significance of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and her Declaration of Sentiments manifested in the fact that she launched a series of events that led to the fact that all women were entitled to vote.

Macroeconomics Final Free Essays

Course name: Macroeconomics FINAL 1. The two large macroeconomies I selected are China and the United States. 2a. We will write a custom essay sample on Macroeconomics Final or any similar topic only for you Order Now GDP and GDP growth rate Found on http://www. tradingeconomics. com/Economics/Interest-Rate. aspx? Symbol=CNY ChinaU. S. GDP per capita 2000-94934606 2001-102134518 2002-110634747 2003-120935318 2004-132336272 2005-145237050 2006-161237757 2007-181138138 2008-196338206 2009-NANA China U. S. GDP growth rate (avg) 2000- 7. 684. 15 2001- 7. 451. 08 2002- 8. 051. 83 2003- 9. 432. 48 2004- 9. 503. 58 2005- 10. 083. 08 2006- 10. 982. 65 2007- 12. 082. 13 2008- 9. 130. 43 2009- 7. 63-3. 55 2b. Exchange Rates used http://www. x-rates. com/cgi-bin/hlookup. cgi to find info US Dollar to Chinese Yuan 2000 -1 to 8. 2795 2001 -1 to 8. 2775 2002 -1 to 8. 2766 2003 -1 to 8. 28 2004 -1 to 8. 2767 2005 -1 to 8. 2765 2006 -1 to 8. 0702 2007 -1 to 7. 8051 2008 -1 to 7. 2946 2009 -1 to 6. 8295 2c. Inflation rates Found on http://www. tradingeconomics. com/Economics/Inflation-CPI. aspx? Symbol=USD CHINAUS JAN/DECJAN/DEC 2000- -0. 20/1. 502. 70/3. 40 2001- 1. 20/-0. 303. 70/1. 60 2002- -1. 00/-0. 401. 10/2. 40 2003- 0. 40/3. 202. 60/1. 90 2004- 3. 20/2. 402. 00/3. 30 2005- 1. 90/1. 603. 00/3. 40 2006- 1. 90/2. 04. 00/2. 50 2007- 2. 20/6. 502. 10/4. 10 2008- 7. 10/1. 204. 30/0. 10 2009- 1. 00/NA0. 00/NA 2d. Interest rate on short term government debt Found on http://www. treas. gov/offices/domestic-finance/debt-management/interest-rate/yield_historical_2000. shtml and http://www. tradingeconomics. com/Economics/Interest-Rate. aspx? Symbol=CNY China (JAN at 1 year on all)U. S. (JAN at 1 ye ar on all) 2000 – 5. 856. 09 2001 – 5. 855. 11 2002 – 5. 852. 28 2003 – 5. 311. 42 2004 – 5. 311. 31 2005 – 5. 582. 79 2006 – 5. 584. 38 2007 – 6. 125. 00 2008 – 7. 473. 17 2009 – 5. 310. 40 2e. Unemployment rate Found on http://www. radingeconomics. com/Economics/Unemployment-rate. aspx? Symbol=USD ChinaU. S. (MAR) on all 2000- NA4. 00 2001- NA4. 30 2002- 4. 30 (DEC)5. 70 2003- 4. 10 (MAR)5. 90 2004- 4. 30 (MAR)5. 80 2005- 4. 20 (MAR)5. 20 2006- 4. 20 (MAR)4. 70 2007- 4. 10 (MAR)4. 40 2008- 4. 00 (MAR)5. 10 2009- 4. 30 (MAR)8. 50 2f. Trade deficit Found on http://www. tradingeconomics. com/Economics/Current-Account. aspx? Symbol=USD ChinaU. S. 2000- 20519. 2-417. 4 2001- 22503. 9-398. 3 2002- 49051. 8-459. 2 2003-56995. 2-521. 5 2004- 76124. 5-631. 1 2005- 228081. 8-748. 7 2006-341448. 9-803. 6 2007-534691. 0-726. 6 2008-617825. -706. 1 2009-134459. 9-203. 2 3. Trends in each variable, What do they mean for econo mic conditions in each country? The trends shown in the GDP for China from 2000 to 2009 shows an increase from 949 to 1963, while the United States grows from 34,606 to 38,206. This shows that both countries are increasing which is good, and since the United States is already high, China will show more growth percentage also known as the catch-up effect. This is proven in the GDP growth rates calculated, where China holds a 7 to 12 percent increase, while he United States shows increases of 4 percent to decreases up to 3. 5 percent. Another fact proving China’s growth is their trade deficit. The trade deficit has remained positive and only gotten better over the years, while the United States has always had negative deficits. The exchange rate proves through the years that China is moving to an equilibrium with the United States dollar, but is still lower in the value of their yuan. Some of the credit for achieving this can be contributed to the fact that China maintains lowe r inflation rates than the United States. Other interesting facts is that China’s interest rates on short term debt remain stable while the United States was high in the early 2000s, low in the mid 2000s, and high in the late 2000s, until present at an all time low. China’s job unemployment rate also remains stable while the United States has recently risen quite a bit. 4. Analysis of strengths and weaknesses. My analysis of strengths shows that the United States overall per capita is wealthier than China. The United States currently has no inflation and interest rates are low. Another strength for the United States is that the value of a dollar is significantly higher than the value of a Chinese yuan. Strengths for China show that they are a trade powerhouse. China continues to grow and show improvements in their economy. They are currently undergoing the catch-up effect, and technologically they are advancing daily. Weaknesses show that the United States is struggling in 2009. Unemployment is on ongoing struggle with the economical lows we face. China is still per capita at a much lower GDP than the United States and still has quite a ways to go before their yuan is equal to a dollar. China also has much higher interest rates than the United States. 5. What conclusions can you draw from your analysis. My conclusion that I have drawn from this study is that for the United States, we are still doing well considering the economy today. Having a lower trade deficit than the average over the last ten years, keeping inflation out of the equation, and keeping a solid GDP is key when you are economically well off. My conclusion that I have drawn from this study for China is that they are a work in progress. China continues to grow in a positive direction on all the data I have collected. The per capita for China’s GDP has more than doubled in the past ten years, and the growth rate has been steadily increasing until recent years. The Chinese yuan continues to lower exchange rates. Though interest rates on short term government debt are higher than that of the United States, 2009 shows that it is at the lowest rate it has been in recent years. Unemployment for China has not risen, even with the economy suffering. Lastly for China, trade is continually growing, having risen over six times that of ten years ago! Overall China and the United States together have a lot of positive data to analyze. The United States main concerns over China are to keep unemployment low and trade deficits low as well. Also the United States needs to lower interest rates on short term government debt in order to grow. China’s main concerns should be to lower interest rates and inflation rates, while continuing to grow in GDP and lower exchange rates. Both countries are vital to the overall world economy. China is a leading exporter to the world. The United States is a leading importer to the world. Without trade and the rest of the world, China would have no one to buy their goods and the United States would have no one to buy from so cheaply. How to cite Macroeconomics Final, Papers Macroeconomics Final Free Essays

Success for all Students in Inclusion Classes free essay sample

On average a mainstream school can have up to 30 students in any given class. This can make it difficult for teachers to provide the additional support that students with preferred learning styles may need. Within my environment providing this support is much easier as the classes are considerably smaller. Staff from all departments make it their business to know every child in the school by name and are mostly able to build professional and positive relationships with each of the students. Rewarding success and showing students that you care (within the constraints of your setting), conversing with them and demonstrating a genuine interest in who your students are as people, not only builds rapport but embeds a feeling of safety, respect, trust and reinforces positive expectations around the students learning and behaviour.Teaching a class that contains students with mixed abilities and styles means that I have to use teaching methods and techniques that will allow me to set achieva ble outcomes for the students and in turn allowing them to gain a successful and enjoyable experience in class. We will write a custom essay sample on Success for all Students in Inclusion Classes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This might mean that;†¢ Some students will need me to provide them with examples on a topic that they can identify with. For example, teaching students about Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, but modernizing it and applying the story to two teenagers that live in postcodes that don’t get on.†¢ Some students may need me to allow them additional time to analyze the learning before they can feedback and demonstrate their understanding.†¢ I may need to provide some of the students with a variation of the resources that are being used during a lesson.†¢ Some students may need me to model an answer before they understand what it is that I am asking them to do.†¢ Some students may need to see a demonstration of what they are supposed to be doing (woodwork, cooking etc.) in order to understand and complete the task. It is important that the students know that I am there to provide support wherever it is needed. Additionally, it is also important that I observe my students and be aware of a change of learning styles, students that are finding it difficult to grasp concepts and may need additional support and provide a platform for all students to have a voice in class.Every student should be given fair and equal opportunities to learn, be assessed and provide feedback. For example, due to the additional educational needs of some of the students at Westside, I provide ongoing assessments to ensure that they have an understanding of the subject that I am teaching. I may require a written assessment for students that are of a higher ability and provide a questioning assessment for those that do not respond well to writing for long periods of time. Questioning assessments allow the student to verbalize their responses.In order to use this types of assessment, a teacher must ensure that the work provi ded is differentiated to meet the needs of the students learning ability and style. At Westside the students are assessed by the SEN Officer, using VAK (Visual, Auditory and Kinaesthetic). Using this system the students learning style can be included in the student’s individual learning plan.

Wrangler Jeans Advertisement Analysis free essay sample

From construction workers to high fashion models, jeans are or have been worn by practically every person that you may come across today in life. To match these people’s needs there is a plethora of ways in which jeans are styled and shaped. This variety is good for a person who has an assortment of styles and looks, but is not really good for your â€Å"average Joe† who is just looking for a pair that is comfortable, durable and suits them in a way that complements them. So with this notion where will this â€Å"average joe† find his pair of jeans? Well in todays day and age the the internet would be the first place to go, but why not just settle for a good ol’ magazine advertisement? Specifically speaking a Wrangler advertisement, which boldly states, â€Å"Nothing Beats Wrangler Comfort†, their two celebrity endorsements, along with the comparison of â€Å"other jeans† with their jeans. We will write a custom essay sample on Wrangler Jeans Advertisement Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I believe that Wrangler successfully advertised their jeans in such a way that is easy to decipher, gets straight to the point, being plain and simple simple, while still attracting attention to itself. Taking a first look at this advertisement there not that much going on with its simplistic look, but your attention is immediately directed to the bottom portion of the advertisement which is plastered in red, a commonly used color that advertisers use to catch one’s attention. In this section the first thing that you will most likely notice would be the large, bold, white statement, â€Å"Nothing Beats Wrangler Comfort†. The purpose of this statement is making a completely straightforward and bold claim that Wrangler’s jeans are the best of the best, while conveying the idea that their jeans are the most comfortable because of the way they made â€Å"comfort† the largest word in the slogan. Below the slogan there is a comparison between two kinds of jeans, one named â€Å"Other Jeans† and the next named â€Å"Wrangler†, compared in a table like structure with â€Å"vs† in between them. â€Å"Other Jeans† represent jeans made my companies besides Wrangler, here they are described asâ€Å"V-Pattern Pinches†. The reason for this is the v-shaped cut of the jeans tend to pinch and cause discomfort. While on the other hand â€Å"Wrangler† is described as â€Å"U-Shape Provides More Room†. This statement not only makes Wrangler’s competitor’s jeans look bad, but it reverts back to the slogan emphasising on comfort. This portion of the advertisement is lightly using the the technique of name calling to make the customer feel more negatively about other jeans, causing them to side with Wrangler jeans. Even though the bottom portion seem to be the place where most of your attention is directed do not neglect the to take notice of the top part. Here it shows what looks like to be two happy looking, average men, positioned next to each other, wearing plain clothing, in front of a red and white pickup truck, in pasture like area. Next to the men there are signatures implying that they are famous. Personally I did not recognize them at all, but football enthusiasts would know the one on the left is none other than Brett Favre, an American football player for formidably know for playing for the Green Bay Packers. Next to him NASCAR’s own, Dale Earnhardt Jr. Both spokesmen are from pretty from pretty demanding careers, one football and the other race car driving, so the last thing they need is an uncomfortable pair of jeans, once again going back to the main idea of comfort. Also they are using the testimonial appeal to endorse their product buy making the celebrities wear their clothing with convincing happy smiles to sell their product and appealing to a certain demographic, while using the plain folk appeal by dressing them humbly too look like your â€Å"average Joe†. As a girl this advertisement did interest me at all because it was lacking feminine qualities that I usually look for in an advertisement. Truthfully the chosen celebrities could not be identified by me without looking them up on the internet. So who was this advertisement made for? With white pigment of their skin, the country like background, and the pickup truck I can assume that this advertisement was created for an American, Caucasian, middle aged, male demographic, from the working class, who is most likely from the southern region of the United States that finds entertainment in watching things such as football and even NASCAR. Small deals can make or break an advertisement. Here in this advertisement it gives you the place where the jeans are available, Walmart. Now the customer does not have to venture far to find an outlet or boutique in a mall because it tells you an easy reliable place to go to. Also it shows you a website where you can find out more information about their u-shaped jeans at wrangler. com/ushape, next to it there is a Facebook sign that indicates there is a profile on there that you can find information on too. On the bottom half the slogan is not only large and bold but it has a rough texture too, making it seem more edgy or even manly. The difference between â€Å"Other Jeans† and â€Å"Wrangler† is made more obvious by bold white lines that show different shapes of the jeans, a V-shaped line for â€Å"Other Jeans† and a U-shaped line for â€Å"Wrangler†. Lastly in the background the pasture like area along with the pickup truck gives of a country feel to the advertisement, which can cross into patriotism, being that this an American company and that this kind of setting is associated with America. Even with the obvious stereotypes, cliche setting and arrangement Wrangler successfully executed their advertisement in such ways that the customer can feel relatable to these celebrities with their humble look and feel a sense of comfort with the relaxed setting. The colors used , red and white, brought attention to key points in the advertisement. Both celebrities that were chosen appeal to a specific, but large demographic which can also even be trendy in other ones. The language of the slogan, the comparison of the types of jeans and even the picture of the celebrities Dale and Brett ll tie into the advertisements main idea of comfort. When all the factors come into play it creates an ideal advertisement that your average American,male consumer is looking for .

Improving Service Quality

Improving Service Quality Introduction The quality of services that employees offer in a restaurant is as important as the meals served. According to Shaikh and Khan (2011, p. 343), the restaurant industry is continuously evolving and growing more complicated. They argued that a restaurant must include ‘service associated features to satisfy the complementary needs of its customers’ (343).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Improving Service Quality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They further noted that satisfaction of customers is taking a new trend of being associated with quality of service. Customers are increasingly becoming conscious of their surrounding when in restaurants. According to Markovic, Raspor and Segaric (2010, p. 181), restaurants have continuously been pushed to offer excellent dining experiences to their customers. These experiences constitute the tangibles as well as the intangibles. The intangibles are of a particular concern as their improvement requires considerable attention unlike the tangibles. It has been noted that the intangibles have a great effect on the financial viability of a restaurant on a long term basis. Due to the stiff competition in the restaurant industry, offering of quality services therefore is not an option but a way of being competitive. In regard to the above briefing, this report examines the tools that can be used in improving the level of service quality of a nation-wide restaurant chain. Two instruments are discussed and it is shown how they will be instrumental in improving the quality of service of the nation-wide restaurant chain. Improving Quality of Service In order to improve the quality of services given, it is prudent that the reference points of various stakeholders involved are known. In the context of this report, the main stakeholders in reference to quality of service offered are the staff and the customers. It will be mandatory to be aware o f what the customers expect and then make the correct adjustment to fulfil their expectations otherwise improvements cannot be effectively made if the deficit areas are not known. The instrument which best does this is the DINESERV instrument.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It has been noted that when customers are satisfied as per their expectations, they become frequent customers. Such satisfied customers also refer other customers, mostly friends and family members, to the business (Wu Liang 2009, p. 587). By using the DINESERV tool, it will be possible to know how huge the gap is and consequently remedial measures will be taken. DINESERV Instrument This instrument was developed specifically for restaurant industry by Stevens, Knutson and Patton in 1995. It is basically a SERVQUAL instrument but modified such that it specifically addresses the restaurant indus try (Kim, Nee Kim 2009, p. 10). DINESERVE is a tool that measures the quality of service from the perspective of a customer (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010 p. 183). Understanding how a customer defines quality service is very important because it is his/her perceptions that will make him/her come back to the restaurant again. By using this instrument, it will be possible to get the position of the customers in regard to the service quality offered by the restaurant. Taking into consideration that the restaurant in question is not an international business which might be servicing people of diverse cultures, a sample of the restaurants should, to a good degree, shed some green light on the nation-wide customer expectations. Why this instrument is chosen is because it helps to show where a restaurant is and where it should be in terms of quality of services offered, that is, ‘it measures consumers’ expectations and perceptions of services received† (Markovic, Raspo r Segaric 2010, p. 183). This instrument touches on five dimensions that consumers use when evaluating the quality of a service given. These five dimensions are ‘tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy’ (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 183). In the following sections, it will be shown how these dimensions can be used to improve the quality of service in the chain restaurant in question. Tangibles In a restaurant, the physical facilities which include the furniture and the appearance of personnel constitute the tangibles. It also encompasses the physical design and general cleanliness (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 184).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Improving Service Quality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A good physical design and a good internal arrangement enhance the dining experience that a customer experiences therefore helping greatly in the satisfaction of the customer. Things like lighting and music have also been associated with the internal structure and are said to greatly affect the satisfaction of consumers. The consumer factors have also been said to have an influence on the satisfaction of consumers. Consumer-consumer interaction may be viewed favourably when it facilitates social interaction. However, some consumer behaviours such as smoking or talking loudly may be viewed to be offensive (Wu Liang 2009, p. 587). Reliability Reliability in the context of service industry is defined as ‘the ability to perform the promised services independently and accurately’ (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 184) and, specifically, in the restaurant industry it is the ‘freshness and temperature of the food, accurate billing and receiving ordered food’ (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 184). The temperature of the food and how fresh it is have been found to influence customer satisfaction. According to Andaleeb and Conway (2006 p. 5), these two affect the quality and taste of food served and therefore greatly determines whether a customer enjoys the meal or not. Price also matters in this context, it has been observed that when the price is not reflective of the quality of food, customers feel they are being taken for granted. For instance, a very high price is an indicator of a high quality therefore if low quality is offered then customers will have the impression that they are being ripped off (Andaleeb Conway 2006). This is likely to annoy customers and might be viewed as one of the fastest way of sending away customers. Responsiveness Responsiveness is viewed as the willingness and readiness of the staff to help the customers promptly. In the context of the restaurant industry, it is associated with ‘staff assistance with the menu or wine list or appropriate and prompt response to customers’ needs and requests’ (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 184).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed studies carried out have shown that more responsive services enhance the satisfaction of customers (Andaleeb Conway 2006). It has been shown that customers are happy with servers who understand their needs and address them accordingly. In the context of this report, responsiveness can be achieved by training the customer-contact employees particularly the servers and waiters on how to handle customers with courtesy. These employees are more in contact with the customers therefore they tend to be the image of the restaurant in the eyes of the customers. It would therefore be wise to invest in these front people such that they present a cutting edge image of the restaurant to the customers. Assurance This has to do with the knowledge and courtesy of the staff members. It also has to do with their ability to convey trust and confidence (Markovic, Raspor Segaric, 2010, p. 184). When applied in the context of restaurant industry, assurance implies that customers ‘trust the recommendations of staff, feel confident that food is free from contamination and be able to say any concern without fear’ (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 184). Empathy This is viewed as the ability to offer services which are customized and which make the customers feel cared for or special (Alroub, Alsaleem Daoud 2012). Action Plan Five dimensions of quality service have been discussed above. It is very important that these areas are well addressed in order to create and sustain a good restaurant image before the eyes of the customers. In regard to this report, the director should plan for the training of the restaurant staff in order to ensure they adequately meet the expectations of the customers in regard to the above five dimensions of customer services. According to Irfan, Mohsin and Yousaf (2009 p. 1222), training in service quality becomes successful when there is a commitment of all employees, senior and junior, to the objectives of the training exercise. In r egard to the nation-wide restaurant chain, which is the subject of this report, this commitment will be achieved by carrying out an internal marketing campaign which will address the grievances of the employees. It will also be ensured that the employees understand the need and significance of offering quality services to the customers. The training exercise will be carried out after the DINESERV instrument has been administered in order to get a picture of how the customers view the nation-wide restaurant chain. The action of training the employees will basically be viewed as a way of investing in the employees for the good of the restaurant. The following subsections give more details on how it will be carried out. Customer-contact Employees The customer contact employees are very important, as already noted above, in creating a good image of the restaurant in the eyes of the customers. Those involved in this category are the waiters, servers, and those who welcome the customer in to the restaurant. Depending on the findings of DINESERV, which would have been obtained by the time the training exercise will kick off, these employees will basically be trained on how to interact with the customers. Basically, the training will be customized to ensure that the deficits which would have been exposed by the DINESERV instrument are addressed. In addition to that it will be ensured that the employees are sharpened into becoming reliable. Andaleeb and Conway (2006) stated that ensuring that customers get the correct food they order is being reliable. Waiters and servers therefore will be reminded that they cannot make such mistakes as taking the wrong food, or serving food when it is of the wrong temperature or size. Customer-contact employees will also be reminded and trained to be responsive to the customers through such simple gestures as maintaining eye contact when a customer is talking. The waiters will be required to maintain a good knowledge of all the food th ey serve such that they readily offer extra information to the customers in case a customer asks for the same. In this manner, the customers will feel assured of the restaurant services when they readily get answered well by the waiters. The waiters will also be in charge of ensuring that customer-customer interaction is a positive one. Customers who behave in manners that may annoy other customers will have to be kindly requested to mind the welfare of others. There will be a need to ensure that when waiters request customers who might be behaving in rowdy manners to calm themselves, they will have to do that in very polite ways. Chefs Chefs play a very huge role in enhancing a dining experience for customers. It has already been pointed above that freshness and temperature of the food are big factors in satisfying customers’ expectations. The taste of the food and its quality also matters a lot especially when such food is highly priced. The training of the chefs will there fore go a long way in ensuring that the price and quality of food are reconciled such that the customers do not feel ripped off. The chefs are also significant in ensuring that what is promised on the menu is what gets served. In this manner, the nation-wide restaurant chain will earn itself a good image for delivering on its promises. Internal designer There is a need to introduce an internal designer in the human resource department. Physical outlook, both the external and internal, enhances the experience that a customer has in a restaurant. The internal designing forms part of the tangible dimension of service quality as per the DINESERV instrument. An internal designer will be in charge of redesigning the internal arrangement of the chain restaurant to make it more appealing. This internal physical restructuring may include changing the lighting systems and sitting arrangement including the type of furniture in use. Restaurant Managers The restaurant managers will be very cruci al in ensuring that quality is maintained. A restaurant manager will be allowed to make changes in the operations of a branch restaurant as long as such a move can be substantiated to increase the quality of service that is provided by the branch. The manager should also be charged with determining the priority of the quality dimensions as illustrated by DINESERV tool. According to Shaikh and Khan (2011 p. 354), different people may have different perception on which quality dimension is most important. The restaurant in question with regard to this report is a nation-wide chain therefore implying the possibility of different customers in different parts of the nation having different perceptions. Internal Marketing Apart from undertaking training based on the findings of DINESERV, another tool that may also be very fruitful in enhancing the quality of service offered by the chain restaurant is Internal Marketing. Internal marketing focuses on the internal customers with the aim of benefiting the external customers. It has been shown that internal marketing helps employees of an organization to be more committed (Esfahan, Taleghani Rajaee 2006). Internal marketing takes two aspects: customer-focused and employee-focused. Customer-focused aspect views ‘all employees of the organization as de facto marketers’ (Kale 2006, p. 3). In this regard, whenever there is an interaction between the service employees and customers, business is created, sustained or broken depending on how the customers perceive the interaction (Kale 2006, p. 3). On the other hand, the employee-focused aspect aims at promoting a company to the employees. In general, internal marketing aims at ensuring that employees are satisfied working in an organization. With satisfaction, employees are more likely to be market oriented in offering their services. The effect of this orientation is creation of a positive organizational image (Chen Hsieh 2009). Internal marketing also reduces the rate of turnover. High rates of turnover can be very costly to a restaurant as it implies that new employees have to undergo training to ensure that the quality of service provided is not compromised. By engaging in aggressive internal marketing, employee turnover can be greatly reduced (Chang Chang 2008). Conclusion The service industry is continuously growing competitive. This is especially true for the hotel industry. Customer tastes and preferences keep on changing everyday and this has made this industry quite complicated. Unlike in the past, customers in the present time are looking for comprehensive services of high quality. In the restaurant industry, it has been observed that customer satisfaction is obtained when a great dining experience is created. This experience takes more than just the taste of a great meal. It includes the physical surrounding and the nature of people around both the employees and fellow customers. This report suggested that DINESERV instrument should be used to find the position of the restaurant in question and then use the gap indentified to make some improvements on the dimensions of quality services. Internal marketing was also proposed as an ideal way of ensuring the employees are motivated and committed to the restaurant. This was shown to greatly reduce the costs of training and as well ensure that the quality of service offered is not comprised. References Alroub, AS, Alsaleem, AM Daoud, AA 2012, ‘Service Quality and its Impact on Customer Satisfaction Tourist Restaurants’, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 364-379. Andaleeb, SS Conway, C 2006, ‘Customer Satisfaction in the restaurant industry: an examination of the transaction-specific model’, The Journal of Services Marketing, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 3-11. Chang, C Chang W ‘Internal Marketing Practices and Employees’ Turnover Intentions in Tourism and Leisure Hotels’, The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 161-172. Chen, Y Hsieh, T 2009, ‘Study on Relationship among International Customer Orientation, Market Orientation and Organization Performance of Theme Restaurant’, The Journal of International management Studies, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 165-175. Esfahan, MR, Taleghani, M Rajaee, MB 2013, ‘The Effect of Internal Marketing on Outcomes and Factors Organizational Commitment (Case Study: Hotels in Esfahan)’, Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 429-435. Irfan, SM, Mohsin, M Yousaf, I 2009, ‘Achieving Service through its Valuable Human Resources: An Empirical Study of Banking Sector of Pakistan’, World Applied Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 1222-1230. Kale, SH 2006, ‘Internal Marketing: An Antidote for Macau’s labor Shortage’, UNLV Gaming Research Review Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-12. Kim, WG, Nee, YC Kim, Y 2009, â⠂¬ËœInfluence of institutional DINESERV on customer satisfaction, return intention, and word-of mouth’, International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 10-17. Markovic, S, Raspor, S Segaric, K 2010, ‘Does Restaurant Performance meet Customers’ Expectations? AN Assessment of Restaurant Service Quality using a Modified DINESERV Approach’, Tourism and Hospitality Management, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 181-195. Shaikh, AA Khan, NR 2011, ‘Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from the Restaurant Industry in Pakistan’, Management Marketing, vol. IX, no. 2, pp. 343-355. Wu, CH Liang, R 2009, ‘Effect of experiential value on customer satisfaction with service encounters in luxury-hotel restaurants’, International Journal of Hospitality management, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 586-593.

The Irish Famine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Irish Famine - Essay Example The famine, which is also referred to as The Great Hunger, and The Bad Life, and its impact was terrible in terms of demographic decline, triggering off the mass emigration. From a prominent exporter of food, Ireland was reduced to the most unenviable position with its people, leaving the homeland, dying under deplorable conditions on the way to England, Scotland or America or any country that they could find a way to. Ograda writes the book with the intention of providing 'fresh perspectives by an explicitly interdisciplinary and comparative approach comparing the Irish famine with the Third World Famines'. He says one of the main differences between the two is while Irish famine killed people in a large scale and other famines did not, at least not to that extent, though all famines produce individual tragedies. Unlike today's famines that usually happen in the impoverished areas, Irish famine was in the prosperous hub, which Prince Albert called 'the workshop of the world'. (p.5). The pleas for help were treated with the philosophical context, when the Economist answered the requests with a curt "It is no man's business to provide for another.' (p. 6). It was also treated as a natural retribution that the Irish should suffer as a penance. "Many people in high places in both London and Dublin in the 1840s believed that the famine was nature's response to Irish demographic irresponsibility, and t oo much public kindness would obscure that message" (p.6). Potato had been cultivated more as a garden crop in Ireland and an average yield of approximately 6 tons per acre was recorded just before the famine. It was believed that Ireland was highly suitable for potato cultivation due to its acidic soil, damp, temperate climate. When the famine happened, the country was unprepared to a calamity of that scale, and landlords most of them living in England, belonging to the noble cause, could not, or did not do enough to help their farmers. Even though this is the popular conception, Ograda argues that most landlords themselves were insolvent and they were not in a position to help their tenants. During the famine, a large number of landlords lost their ownership of the land. There were other problems like over-cultivation of a rage of potato varieties, adverse consequences of industrial revolution, confiscation of the land in the earlier centuries that left the ownership in the hands of British landlords etc. When famine started and the early deaths were reported, the official reaction was to call for the verification of deaths. An enormous crisis was simmering and by late 1840s 'famine symptoms of wandering beggars, roadside deaths, rising crime rates, poorly attended burials, widespread panic about contagion, and mass evictions were commonplace throughout most of the country'. The situation raged for another five years, unabated and Ograda says that the long-lasting nature of the famine led to compassion fatigue and charitable donations dropped steadily while land clearance and emigration reached a massive scale. Prevention strategies included initially identifying the most vulnerable poor and help them through the relief committees established by the Poor Relief (Ireland) Act of 1838. Admission into the workhouses rose ominously; but the representatives of Board of Guardians refused more money for relief measures. Relief Commissioners and

Communication Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Communication Management - Essay Example This creates strong discontent with the job as well as disengages the employee from the functional aspect of the job. Secondly, employee's who have access to information of interest about the organization are able to give more informed inputs about the job and functionality. Lack of resource access "could lead to frustration and lack of motivation and ultimately failure" (Kaliprasad 2006, p. 22). These issues in communication are directly related to Hobby's mission, core values and culture as a top-end model manufacturer. The company's mission statement is well known as being "smaller but better." To this, we must ask ourselves how we can develop better communication and gain an entrepreneurial spirit that encourages taking the initiative to produce changes. The proposed change is entering the electronic market, which traditionalists in the company are concerned with as it may directly affect who we are as a company. There is no doubt that employees follow Hobby because they trust our leadership. It is now time that Hobby enter into a communication initiative in preparation for entering differing global (and electronic) markets. As a large firm, however, Hobby is often imbued with strategic processes and policies disseminated from a formal planning system (Pearce and Robinson 2004). Hobby has traditionally held high employee morale but is currently faced with low production and changes should be approached by open communication. In this, the "ideal strategic management team includes decision-makers from all three company levels (the corporate, business, and functional)" (Pearce and Robinson 2004, p. 15). For example, some Canadian firms have implemented an every employee is a leader program, where all employees have equal and viable inputs towards the organization (Noe et al 2002). As leadership incorporates communication into the organization to allow employees too openly and without fear of retribution deliver questions, concerns and ideas, the value of leadership increases. Employee's commitment and trust towards the organization's leaders grow as their voices are heard (Noe et al 2002). The

Can Language Learning Applications Help Improve English?

Can Language Learning Applications Help Improve English? CAN LANGUAGE-LEARNING APPLICATIONS HELP TO IMPROVE PROFICIENCY IN ENGLISH AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL? ABSTRACT In todays globalized world, knowing another language opens the door to a vast number of opportunities no matter nationality. This study focuses on language-learning applications since they are an innovative way to learn another language. The investigation needed for this study was done online using Google Scholar and the following sources: Scientists Are More Creative than You Might Imagine and Do Schools Kill Creativity . Language applications can be an excellent way to study a language like English, because those apps motivate young people more than the traditional language class. These applications facilitate the learning of another language in a fun and dynamic way and they will allow the learners to share, debate, create, give opinions, and create a much more creative and participative space. They allow the learners connect in them account on all electronic devices and do not lose progress. Keywords: Applications, language, creative, innovative INTRODUCTION Knowledge of languages is the doorway to wisdom (Roger Bacon). Currently, we live in a globalized world where everyone is connected. If someone want to communicate, they have to know that persons language. Knowing another language is a great academic and professional advantage. Many students want to know another language but they do not because they do not have money to pay for a language course or do not have time to do so. Due to this need, several technology companies created language learning aplications. Perhaps they are not as effective as a lenguage learning course, but with effort they work. Managing another language fluently will make the learner feel amazing about himself because a new world opens. The learner can talk to a lot of people from other countries, watch movies, read books or browse websites. Knowing more than one language makes a person smarter, because that person works parts of him brain that would otherwise be stopped. Language applications are an efficient way for learning new languages like English, for three reasons: they are dynamic and instructive; they allow students to practice their skills; and they can be used on all electronic devices. In essence, the communication of the future will be based in a language that many people talk, so the advantages of a person will depend on how well know that idiom. For these reasons, this research paper is dedicate to know effectiveness and efficiency of language learning applications because they are an example of creativity and innovation that we will need for communication, and it represents the biggest challenge for developing persons . LANGUAGE LEARNING APPLICATIONS ARE DYNAMIC AND INSTRUCTIVE First of all, Language learning applications are dynamic and instructive than a language course to obtain proficiency in another language because the last is a traditional class. The technological advances are an excellent tool that benefits the educational system, since more and more college professors that resort to the service of effective applications to carry out the teaching-learning process in college students. Humanity tries to improve and make the way to generate knowledge more flexible, using the constant technological movement to satisfy the communicative needs that originates the society, so that the mobile technologies have served as base to restructure the educational panorama, contributing to the education. TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION HAS NEVER MADE LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE EASIER One reason is Technology innovation has made learning a foreign language easier because: Today, multimedia features found in e-learning environments incorporate new ways to learn, including: videos, audio, tools, and much more. Plus, multimedia can increase students retention rates and correct mistakes before they turn into bad and embarrassing habits (eLearning INDUSTRY, 2013). The learning is not subject to the physical space of the class nor to the strict hours of the teaching of the matter. College students can create and optimize resources with a few Apps given avoiding the traditional use of textbooks, and adapting these new techniques to the teaching-learning process, making it more visual, creative, and participatory. Ken Robinson, educator, writer and British lecturer, says: people educate their children and want to exploit all of their skills in 15 or 20 years but they do not have a real objective (Robinson, 2006). In other words, they dont know how use this skills. The majority of people do not think in creativity as a tool for the future and this is reflected in the schools. THESE APPS INCLUDES VIDEO GAMES, VIDEOS, GIFS AND THAT MAKE LEARNING FUN TOOLS Also, these apps includes video games like puzzles, hangman, wordit, wordsearch, videos, gifs and tools that make learning fun. Some apps are Duolingo, Wibbu, Busuu, Babbel, and HiNative. The majority of these games have been designed with learning in mind, which means that when the students use them, they are getting the experience of teaching rolled into one nice app. The great thing about these mobile apps is that the child inside the students will love to pull them out and play for enjoyment. So these applications facilitate the learning of another language in a fun and dynamic way. LANGUAGE LEARNING APPLICATIONS ALLOW STUDENTS TO PRACTICETHEIR SKILLS Second of all, Language learning applications allow students to practice their skills because Online courses offer an out with the old, in with the new approach to learning a foreign language (eLearning INDUSTRY, 2013). They offer an introduction to vocabulary and grammar, so they help students gain confidence. According to Albert Einstein, the best scientists are also artists, so it would be illogical to think that science and art are not related (Ossola, 2014). So, it is so important emphasize the utility of those applications, and to pay special attention to the way that we are learning a foreign language. In other words, the future will be only for the most apt, and with this we refer to the persons who know another language THESE APPS REMIND DAILY THAT THE STUDENT MUST ENTER AND MEET THEM DAILY GOAL Also, these apps remind daily that the student must enter and meet the daily goal. If students have not logged in. This helps the user to practice daily, which is fundamental to learning a language. The learner need motivation to learn a second language, and the active and creative participation of the student in the process through the application of individualized learning techniques. Strategies for foreign language learning include skills for memorizing and manipulating key structures of the target language, cognitive strategies for managing and supervising the use of strategies, affective strategies for measuring emotional reactions to learning and for reducing anxiety, and social strategies to maintain the interaction with native speakers and cooperation between students easier. These applications will allow the learners to share, debate, create, give opinions, and create a much more creative and participative space. LANGUAGE LEARNING APPLICATIONS CAN BE USED ON ALL ELECTRONIC DEVICES THEY ARE MORE ACCESSIBLE THAN A COURSE TO LEARN ENGLISH Third of all, Language learning applications can be used on all electronic devices because they run on computer programs, the learner can access online foreign language courses at any time. (eLearning INDUSTRY, 2013). THEY ARE SYNCHRONIZED Another reason to use these apps is because these apps are free. The learner only need an account. One of the most obvious advantages of the use is the easy and speed with which the information is accessed. Another important advantage is the safe storage of personal data, which allows users to save time and quickly access to their preferences, as well as being able to customize the application to their liking. Also, they are synchronized. That means these applications are connected to the internet. The learnerÂÂ ´s progress is saved and if a learner does not have cellphone, he only needs another electronic device to sign in and continue learning. CONCLUSION In summary, language applications can be an excellent way to study a language like English, because those apps motivate more young people than the traditional language class. There are a number of benefits to using English learning apps to improve language learning skills. They will not even need a tutor on hand to constantly learn English and the learner can access to the account on all electronic devices without problem. These apps are quite funny and to learn playing. That is why they are very useful for learning vocabulary because they are visual and entertaining. For these reasons, I recommend university students who do not have much free time or do not have the sources to pay a course to learn languages that use these applications to improve their level of English mainly. Education as a fundamental development entity, should not be a linear process (Robinson, 2006), those applications should always be updated and synchronized with the need to learn another language. By learning another language we are educating and training for our professional future. REFERENCES Robinson, K., (2006). Do Schools Kill Creativity? TED. Recovered from: https://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity?language=en [09/12/2016]. elearningindustry. (Aug 19, 2013). Below are 5 essential benefits of learning a foreign language through online courses. Recovered from elearningindustry: https://elearningindustry.com/5-essential-benefits-of-learning-foreign-languages-online [09/12/2016].

Discursive Essay on Racism -- Papers

Discursive Essay on Racism Racism has existed for centuries, but during the last two hundred years hatred toward ethnic minorities or even majorities has fluctuated. Racism occurs all over the world, can happen to anyone and will always exist. There are three different forms of racism, open racism, violent racism and secret racism all express forms of hatred towards ethnic groups. These forms of racism, although different, all have the same main purpose, to promote hate towards ethnic groups. Open racism expresses freedom of racial thought and speech. In America it is allowed due to the First Amendment that protects political views on racism. The American National Party and various other parties come under this protection, and so does the British National Party and the National Front. We do not have a First Amendment, but these obviously racist parties still exist. Open racists promote their views through propaganda, but soon may die out as it becomes socially unacceptable. Violent racism promotes racism through violence and fear. This form of racism is not allowed because it promotes violence to express its ideas. Unfortunately, many violent racial groups claim they do not promote violence, and therefore they are allowed because not enough sufficient evidence exists to prove their violent intent. Secret racism expresses ideas of racism in hidden ways and sometimes, secret racists are not aware that they are racist. People nowadays do not express their dislike of minorities and are not prepared to show a feeling that could be called racist. Avoiding minorities on the street and low pay to an employee of a minority are examples ... ...avour of "purity of the race" idea, but they understand how it worked. Blond hair and blue eyes are recessive genes. Two brown-eyed people can give birth to a blue-eyed child, but two blue-eyed people cannot give birth to a brown-eyed child. Dark skin and dark hair are also dominant genes, so because of evolution, it must mean that the ancestors of humanity had dominant genes. If they had only recessive genes, there would be no dark eyed, haired or skinned people. This leads to the conclusion that all people have a black ancestor. This is backed up by the well-accepted idea that Africa was the starting place of humanity. As African species travelled north to Europe they made the previous inhabitants extinct. Racism is a worldwide problem that will never be eradicated and there are no simple solutions to it.

Mestizaje and Its Critics

A word of many definitions and implications, mestizaje is usually associated with regions that have a history of Spanish or European colonization. It is an issue that has been concealed, denied, and debated upon in the cultural, social, and political sense in these colonized regions. Common issues related to this ideology are racism, racial discrimination, chauvinism, and the like. In this particular paper, the focus group of such ideology would be more on Latin America and the Afro-population or the black since this group mostly experienced the effects of the consequences of such prejudice.  Ariel Dulitzky’s A Region in Denial: Racial Discrimination and Racism in Latin America talks about Latin America’s refusal to tackle the issue on racism and racial discrimination. It summarizes the kinds of denials that this region executes to find their way out before or when getting into discussions about the issues mentioned earlier. These denials are categorized in three: lit eral denial, interpretive denial, and justificatory denial.Literal denial, as the name implies, is the rejection of the thought that racism exists.   The government does not acknowledge the presence of â€Å"race†, therefore making the existence of racism null. The second category, interpretive denial has four subcategories. In the first, it is not the color of the skin or the race but the social status of the person/group that is being criticized.   This denial is euphemism.   The next one, legislative, is somewhat related to the first category. It is said that there are no laws made about racial discrimination because there is no need for such for the reason that they don’t segregate the race of people.Some argue that there are very few complaints about discrimination.   Maybe because the public is not aware about laws and sanctions, if there are any, regarding acts of racial discrimination. The third category is denial of responsibility. This is when the gov ernment says that discriminating acts, or whatever they may want to call it, are due to old practices or traditions. The last category is called just isolated events.An explanation of this would be to say that these events of racism eventually happened just at this day and at this time. There is the denial that it, racism, happened in the past, therefore there can be no way that they can be called a racist region. The last category would be justificatory denial. From its root word â€Å"justify†, people who do this either rationalize things or point a finger to the victims themselves. People in control indicate that they belong to a mixed race, thus racial segregation does not exist.Despite all these denials, the Convention Against Racism or the â€Å"Convention† pulled some strings to help these regions and the victims acknowledge that racial discrimination really does exist. Luckily, the effort became an eye opener to others. For the first time, debates about racism were done and more groups were created to protect and implement the Convention’s regulations against racial discrimination.Associated with a region’s ability to discriminate is the huge question about that region’s identity. One article that talks about Latin America’s national and cultural identity is that written by Lourdes Martinez-Echazabal. She discusses the different view points of writers of the same nationality, Cubans, to be particular, pertaining to national identity and racial discrimination together with its effects on people’s actions and beliefs. In the given time, 1845-1959, the Afro-population had been identified with anything negative – the poor, the brainless, the filthy, and the barbaric.As a result of this notion, the end to slave trade was once made in an attempt to stop the multiplication of the Afro-population in Latin America since more black people implied an uncivilized and diseased region that would hinder if not s top the social and cultural development of communities in their region. Some writers thought that crossbreeding with people of lighter complexion was a step towards civilization. They were into making reforms with the colonizers.On the contrary, the other group of writers was after the independence of the region. They do this by not looking at the man’s color to judge his/her moral values or legal status. They use this argument of having a national identity, just one color regardless the mixture of race or color of the skin. Interaction and socialization among different races were encouraged in making a better and enlightened society.To be more particular, an article by Charles Hale focused on this region divided into what they call the ladinos and Mayas, ladinos being the ones with the whiter skin and European mix, and the Indians as the Mayas. As narrated in Hale’s publication, the ladinos used to be the superior group in the past decades, and the Mayas being the inf erior one. Interaction of ladinos with Mayas is prohibited by the ladino elders. As time passed by, there had been some changes in the political and social set up of Guatamela.There were Maya cultural activists that fight for their cultural rights. Some ladinos changed their perspectives about the Mayas by somehow respecting the latter’s religious belief such as the fiesta of their patron saint for a start. Racism was definitely gearing towards the Mayas, but due to the number in population with the Mayas taking up considerably the higher percentage of the population, the ladinos started to become confused if they really are the reigning race.The people interviewed by Hale were still hesitant, somehow, when asked about the cultural discrimination against the Mayans. Their answers were unsure maybe because there is no certainty on the cultural development of their region. Confused answers to simple cultural questions were provided. Confused people with confused cultural belief s would definitely result to complications in interest and one confused country.It is amazing how these writers distort ideas and beliefs. From the denial, to the national identity, to the confused region, now, we have another twist of things about mestizaje and cultural and national identity. Saldaà ±a-Portillo’s arguments, still, are about mestizaje and how particular regions react to it. In her publication, mestizaje is promoted as a step towards citizenship, towards establishment of national culture. In the past reviews, it is usually the â€Å"whites† dominating or taking over the â€Å"blacks†.However in this case, it is still true that Indians are viewed as a sign of an uncivilized community, but some things are viewed the differently. Not that these Indians literally taking over the region and the government, but these colonizers, the Spanish and the Europeans, actually being taken over by the Indians in other perspectives. It is about the women coloniz ers and the Indian men, Spanish not being the first language, and a biological trace in history.Discussion about women having their roles and rights in the community, for the first time, were mentioned and discussed upon for these â€Å"rights† might be at odds with their group’s statute. Ethnic groups were also given right to the land they lived on. Regardless these new points that might unite certain regions, mestizaje would remain to be seen as these regions accept one another regardless the race, the face, or the beliefs.I must admit that racial discrimination, despite all the efforts to avoid and fight it, still exists up to this day. There are similarities in situations in these articles. These readings are mostly about the search and battle for cultural and national identity mostly of people in the Latin American region. The Afro-population or the â€Å"black† as others would commonly label their group, is often, if not mostly deprived of access to proper ty, media, and means of production. I agree when they say that you shouldn’t judge a book by its cover. It’s the same with people – don’t judge a person by his color because a person is more than just the color of his skin or the details of his face. There is the spirit. There are the values.Maybe the good thing about classifying people is when they are proud to be of that race not because they are whiter or taller, but because people from their region, their race has done something good and inspiring that effect people of other race or region. It is when that person is proud to be of that race because his people have helped so many deprived others. But how often do these things happen? How often does a person become proud because he has â€Å"Indian† features? This is one proof that racial discrimination has been in existentfor so long that it has been part of our practices and to think and establish such notions.Generalization should be avoided b ecause this starts the heating debate and fight about discrimination. Every human being is different, unique. It just so happened that he/she possesses such features, that he/she was born on that region. Nevertheless, that person is no different from you and me. Mestizaje has affected so many races, if not all of them, that it actually is a part of life, of history, of the lives even of the first people on earth.. It is inevitable because it is human nature socialize, and interact.The good thing about the present is having institutions against racism, acknowledgment of the problem, and awareness that the system applies sanctions to violators because it does not tolerate such prejudice. It is good to know that with these things, we need not be afraid for our children and our children’s children because there are people to protect them and fight for them. However, when can we really say that we, our children, and the coming generations would be free from hatred? From prejudice? From undergoing the inequality we had been experiencing since time immemorial? When?Works CitedDulitzky, Ariel. A Region in Denial: Racial Discrimination and Racism in Latin America†, Neither Enemies Nor Friends: Latinos, Blacks, Afro-Latinos. Ed. A. Dziedzienyo and S. Oboler. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. pp.39-60.Hale, Charles. â€Å"Travel Warning: Elite Appropriations of Hybridity, Mestizaje, Antiracism, Equality, and Other Progressive-sounding Discourses in High Land Guatamela.† Journal of American Folklore. 112. 445 (Summer 1999): 297-315.Martinez-Echazabal, Lourdes. â€Å"Mestizaje and the Discourse of National/Cultural Identity in Latin America, 1845-1959.† Latin American Perspectives. 100 vols. 25.3 (May 1998). 21-42.Saldaà ±a-Portillo, Josefina. â€Å"Who’s the Indian in Aztlan? Re-Writing Mestizaje, Indianism, and Chicanismo from Lacandon.† The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader. Ed. I.Rodriguez. NC: Duke University Press, 20 01. pp.402-423.

Strategic Supply Chain Management and Logistics - Humes Company - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2773 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? STRATEGIC SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND LOGISTICS A RESEARCH PAPER ON HUMES COMPANY INTRODUCTION: Walter Reginald Hume an inventor and industrialist, he started his business in Australia with his brother Ernest Hume in 1892 t0 1920. They manufacture and innovate new ways in producing pipes. In 1923, Walter Hume transfers to New Zealand and founded Humes Pipeline System. He builds his company on his knowledge and expertise in manufacturing concrete pipes. With the growing population and the demand for development in the country, he research and develop new innovation and introduced the Vertical Technology (VT) pipe manufacturing in New Zealand. This innovation, VT pipe becomes part of the Titan Concrete Pipe Range. He is considered as one of the biggest contributors in the development of infrastructure throughout New Zealand. For the past 75 years, Humes grow, introducing more new products such as culvert pipes, manholes, concrete precast, et cetera. He beca me so successful in his line of business that he was able to put up 8 manufacturing operations and 22 sales Centres throughout New Zealand. Humes Pipeline Systems is successfully operating throughout New Zealand. He was one of the major supplier of small and big infrastructures projects and building development. To cope up with the growing populations and the booming of infrastructures, Humes innovate more new products to cope up with the demand. Nowadays, he become part of the divisions of Fletcher Building Ltd., a New Zealand based group businesses. Fletcher Building Ltd is the major controller of all the brand under the supply chain management of Fletcher Building Ltd. As part of the Fletcher Building Ltd. he was doing business in a vertical integrated manner. The purpose of this research is an overview of the Humes Pipeline Systems company. The role of Supply chain management model in the company to reach their organisational business objectives. I will assess and co mpare the advantages of supply chain models for the organisation, which includes Push and Pull Model, Value Chain Model and Lean Supply Model. I will also assess and evaluate the link between supply chain management and their business functions to Humes Pipeline System. These business functions includes marketing, manufacturing, and human resources. And lastly, I will also discuss the four key drivers for achieving an integrated supply chain strategy in an organisation. These key drivers include the inventory, transportation, technology, and customer expectation. After assessing and evaluating, I will give the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of the organisation. Fig.1, Fletcher Building Ltd. Supply Chain Management Chart (Pippos , J. Tutor DB704) According to the Supply Chain Management chart as shown above Fig. 1, it shows that there is an integrated supply system in the Fletcher Building business organization. As shown, Fletche rs Building supply chain management uses a vertical integrated system type of system. Humes is part of the brand under the supply chain management of Fletcher Building. Humes is considered one of the brand under the Fletcher group. Other than Humes, Flectcher supply chain includes the Cement brand under Firth Concrete and Golden Bay Cement. Steel under Easy Steel and Pacific Steel, Sand under Winstone. All these will lead to Humes finished products. The finished products of the supply chain will be distributed either on Retail or commercial. In retail, it will be distributed or use as a materials to be manufactured into new product. In commercial, it will be used by Fletcher for their infrastructure and construction projects. I choose the following supply chain models that are needed to assist Humes Pipeline Systems to achieve its business objectives: The Push and Pull Mode. Push means the manufacturer get new information of a certain product, develop it, produce and put it in th e market for consumers. Pull means the consumers will purchase or demand the product introduce in the market. The advantages of the Push strategy as a manufacturers is that your seller will be the one responsible in promoting the products to the market; it will also give the manufacturers large exposure in the market and test their product, they will receive bulk orders. However, manufacturers will make sure that there will be a formal signing of the contract because they might change their mind and not promote or distribute your product. One problem also is that the seller might ask for promotional discount and demand to lower the price. So, it is very important to have a written contract that will state all concerns including the bulk of orders, mode of payment and pricing. Under the Pull strategy, he is the distributor of the products. The advantage on the part of the distributor is that they will receive cash transactions and more profit because no discount will be give n to the consumers. They will have direct access to the consumers with regards to their opinion on the new product introduced. Their disadvantages are that they will hire more employees and will only receive small order of the product. In this supply chain model, Humes as a brand and part of the vertical integrated system of Fletcher Building Ltd. will purchase all of his raw materials from the brand supply chain of Fletcher Group, from the cement which is Firth Concrete and Golden Bay Cement, to steel which is Easy Steel and Pacific Steel and Winstone for the sand. In this method, Humes acts as the consumer, who demand or purchase all of his raw materials within the supply chain, and the brand who carries these raw materials needed, will be the seller. The finish products of Humes will also be distributed not only on retail but also commercial. Using the Push and Pull Method, Humes will push the product on retail for further use as raw materials to create a new product under Fletcher group of companies, the brand are the Place makers, Micro or Pink Batts or pull the product commercially to be used in the construction of commercial buildings and other infrastructure projects. For me, this kind of supply chain management is an advantage because there is a demand and a supply within the supply chain and business organisation. Because of this advantage, they will be able to minimize cost and optimize their profit. The next supply chain model I will discuss is the Value chain model. Value chain means adding value to the raw materials given by the manufacturer and sell the finish product to the consumers. In short, adding value to a certain product. The process involved in converting the raw materials into finish products which can be divided into two, namely: the primary activities which involve outbound and inbound logistics, operations, marketing and sales, and services. And the secondary activities involve the procurement of raw materials, human resources management, technological development and infrastructure. There two activities involve will help determine the organisational cost involve to manufacture the product and its expected profit. I believe that every brand in the supply chain of Fletcher Building Ltd. will have an impact in supplying materials or input to Humes to produce the product. Let us say Humes is the system, and a system compose of sub-system which I will identify as the brand in the supply chain of Fletcher group, they will provide input such as cement, steel, and sand as shown on the supply chain chart, and will act as contributor to be able to determine the expected cost Humes will incur in producing their products. These sub-system is very important to determine the cost incur that will contributes to its manufacturing cost. Proper supply chain management of each one of them will have an impact on the total cost incur to produce the product. Proper integration control between each contribut or will help Humes optimize his profit. Therefore, I think Value Chain strategy and proper integration control on each supply chain of each contributor will lead to more profit. The last supply chain model I will discuss is the Lean Supply Model. Lean Supply means that a manufacturing company will find ways to eliminate unnecessary waste and non-value activities. By eliminating these unnecessary waste will optimize efficiency of the manufacturing company. Examples of eliminating unnecessary waste includes quality control of finish product, minimize inventory that are not needed, and making wrong shipping decision to satisfy customers. I think each brand that are under the vertical integrated system of Fletcher Building should apply the Lean supply management because each one of them is interlink with each other. Each of them has its own contribution in the supply chain management, by examining and identifying the areas that are not needed within the organization, it will he lp improve companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s competence and increase profitability. For the business functions that will link supply chain management, I choose the following: Marketing, the art or process on how to sell the product to the consumers. Its function is to create, deliver and communicate the value of the product to the consumers. In marketing, you have to understand the behaviour of the customers in the market. Do market analysis and market segmentation to hit your target market. By understanding the needs and behaviour of the customer. Customer satisfaction means profit. Humes target markets are divided into three. First, some of Humes finished products will be sold to its retail brand within the supply chain system, these are the Place Makers, Micro and Pink Batts. These three will use Humes finish products as their raw materials to develop another new products or directly sell the finish product. 2nd, Humes will sell their products for commercial use, these products will be used during construction and infrastructure projects of Fletcher. 3rd, outside market or customers not within the organisation of Fletcher . These are walk-in customers or customers who just inquire and order products on demand. Manufacturing, this is a process of producing a product using labor, materials and machineries. Manufacturing will start from research and development, to procurement of raw materials and production. Factors to consider in manufacturing includes the availability and source of materials, the reliability of the materials used, political stability of the source, price of materials and quality. Taking into consideration these factors in procuring materials needed for manufacturing will put the industry to operate smoothly. Humes manufacturing process starts from the procurement of its raw materials within the supply chain or group of businesses of Fletcher Building. Procurement of materials for cement from two suppliers namely Firth Concrete and G olden Bay Cement, then steel from Easy Steel and Pacific Steel, for the sand from Winstone Aggregates. After procurement, manufacturing process starts. Availability and reliability of supplies on hand will lead to an increase in production and optimize profit for Humes. Human Resources are the work force of the organisation. They are the people involved in an organisation. Human resources are the assets of the company, without them the company cannot operate by itself. These employees have their own individual talents and knowledge in a certain department which is beneficial to the company. Human Resources management is responsible for recruiting, hiring of new employees, and training. They will hire those who have the skills and qualifications needed in the company. To update employees, human resources development will introduce trainings and further learning of workers in an organisation. These programs will refresh their previous knowledge and further develop their skill s. Trainings and career opportunities will also be given. These employees will also be properly compensated for their contribution to the company. Humes Pipeline is part of a big supply chain system, he must have a competent and well trained workforce for the whole system to work. It is estimated that Fletchers Building whole system has about 19,000 employees. With this big number of employees, the company must provide necessary trainings and career opportunities. Will hire, develop and recruit skilled and with high qualifications and experience. Proper management of human resources will optimise their value in the company and create a well organise system. The four key drivers that I choose that can help Humes Pipeline Systems achieve their integrated supply chain management are: Transportation, transportation plays an important role to logistics. It is important to Humes Pipeline system because it is their only way to distribute the products they manufactured on time to d ifferent construction projects of Fletcher Building. I believe that Humes Pipeline have their own transport for delivery because it is one of the important key factor in logistic. Humes practice the Just-in-Time (JIT) concept for a company to be profitable. Management will see to it that the products delivered will arrived at its destination as specified on the contract. To do that, management will check the movement of the product delivered from the time it leaves the factory to its arrival to its destination. Humes will tackle the issues on communication, freight, customs and movement of the product itself. With proper coordination it will be a cost savings to the company and customer satisfaction. Other factors to consider for transportation is the security of the product, by taking insurance policy to cover the product in case of damage, lost, or stolen. Inventory, for me Inventory plays a very important in achieving an integrated supply chain strategy for Humes Pipelin e Systems. Inventory not only includes inventories of their raw materials but also inventories of their finished products. Inventory procurement of raw materials within the supply chain plays a very important role because it shows reliability and availability of materials as needed. Finished product of Humes will be sold either commercially or on retail. Technology. Humes as part of the supply chain system will use an advance technology that will be able to control their inventory within the organisation, a software that helps them manage inventory efficiently. They can also implement high tech security system that will such as 24 hours CCTV cameras. Humes as part of the supply chain will also have a uniform accounting system so that financial statements and balance sheets will be easily monitored by the top management. Customer expectation. Humes must establish and maintain good customer relationship externally and internally. Good relationship internally will create a harmon ious relationship and easy flow of supply and demand. When I say internal, it means relationship between the organizational system itself. And also, Customer always expect quality and reliable product from their supplier. Humesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ relationship with Firth Concrete and Golden Bay Cement, or with easy Steel and Pacific and all the other brands involve in the system. Their satisfaction and good relationship with Humes will provide a seamless flow of goods and Sales among them and will be beneficial for all of them. Good external relationship means customer satisfaction. When a customer is satisfied it also means profit for the company. By maintaining customer satisfaction, there will a continuous order of the products. Customer satisfaction means providing them reliable and quality product, outbound logistics by checking the whereabouts of the products, answer queries, all these minor details will give customer satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Each of the supply chai n model plays an important role in the supply chain management of an organisation. It has its own advantages and disadvantages in a supply chain management as discuss in the paper. Humes Pipeline as a division of Fletcher group has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunites and threats. Humes strength is innovative, expertise to the product, number one in their industry and a dominant brand all over the world. Their weakness is they no longer own their company but as a brand of Fletcher Building Ltd. Further expansion to other countries is their opportunity and their threat is the emergence of global competitors. REFERENCES: Mckinsey Quarterly October 2005 Retrieved from: www.advantage international.com www. Lafarge-na.com/ Pippos, J. 2014. Tutor Notes: Supply Chain Management and Logistics References Human resources Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved September 24, 2014, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_resources Humes Pipeline Syste ms : About Us. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.humes.co.nz/About.php Lean Supply Chain Management Expert Guide. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://logistics.about.com/od/supplychainintroduction/a/Lean_SCM.htm Marketing Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved September 24, 2014, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing Porters Value Chain. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ifm.eng.cam.ac.uk/research/dstools/value-chain-/ The Push and Pull product distribution model Smart Insights Digital Marketing Advice. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.smartinsights.com/marketing-planning/marketing-models/push-pull-product-distribution-model/ Pushà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"pull strategy Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved September 23, 2014, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push%E2%80%93pull_strategy Value chain Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2014, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_chain Value Chain Defin ition | Investopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/valuechain.asp Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Strategic Supply Chain Management and Logistics Humes Company" essay for you Create order